情态动词的意义和用法【最新13篇】
情态动词用于表达能力、可能性、许可、义务等，常与动词原形搭配，影响句子意义和语气。下面是勤劳的小编为大家分享的情态动词的意义和用法范例，欢迎借鉴参考。
情态动词 篇1
XX年高三一轮复习金子般的学案语法部分：情态动词（新人教版）
情态动词表示说话人的语气和情绪，本身词义不全，不能单独作谓语，后面必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，有的情态动词有过去式。常见的情态动词有can, could, may, might, must, have to, shall, should, will, would, ought to, need, dare, used to等。
一、情态动词的基本用法
(一)can, could的用法
【完成例句】 [ ]
(1)他妈妈会说法语。
his mother can / could speak french.
【结论1】表示体力或脑力(知识、技能)所产生的能力。
【翻译句子】
(2)man can / could not live without air.
人没有空气不能呼吸。
【结论2】 表示客观的可能性。
【翻译句子】
(3)could you wait a few days for the money?
钱你可以再等几天吗？
(4)could you be here at eight o'clock tomorrow morning?
你能明天早上8点钟到这儿吗？
【结论3】表示请求、建议，用could 比 can语气更委婉(回答用原形)。
【翻译句子】
(5)could / can i borrow your reference books?
我可以借下你的参考书吗？
(6)you can smoke in the entrance hall.
你可以在入口大厅抽烟。
【结论4】表示允许、许可，用could 比 can更委婉客气。
【疑难1】
can it be true?
you can't be serious!
oh, dear, what on earth can this mean?
【疑难剖析1】 否定句、疑问句和感叹句中，can表示怀疑、惊异、不相信的态度。
【疑难2】
they were able to put out the fire without any help from the firefighters.
【疑难剖析2】 表示“经过努力后终于能……”，用be able to。
【疑难3】
you can not be too careful.
【疑难剖析3】惯用形式“can not (can't)…too / over / enough”表示“无论怎么……也不(过分)”，用来加强语气。
【疑难4】
i couldn't but choose to wait.
【疑难剖析4】 cannot but do sth. 不得不；只好
(二)may, might的用法
【例句观察】
may i ask you a question?
might i close the window?[ ]
you mustn't speak like that to your mother.
【结论1】 表示允许、请求。might i …？ 比 may i …？ 语气更委婉和有礼貌。
【翻译句子】
(7) he might come tomorrow.
他可能明天来。
(8) he may be very busy these days.
他这些天可能很忙。
【结论2】表示可能性，表示“或许，大概”。用于肯定句或否定句中，用might 比 may语气更加不肯定。
【疑难1】
study hard that you may work better in the future.
they set out early so that they might arrive in time.
【疑难剖析1】用于目的状语从句中，含“为了……”或“以便……”之意。
【疑难2】
if that is the case, we may as well try.
now that they were all here, she might as well speak her mind.
【疑难剖析2】 惯用形式 may (might)as well＋动词原形：不妨做……
【疑难3】
may you succeed!
may the friendship between us last forever!
【疑难剖析3】表示祝愿。(不用might)采用部分倒装语序：may＋主语＋动词原形＋……
(三)must，have to的用法
【完成例句】
(9)所有人必须遵守条例。
everybody must obey the rules.
(10)不准你和你妈妈那样说话。
you mustn't speak like that to your mother.
【结论1】must 表示“必须”。强调主观看法，只有现在时形式，否定式是must not (mustn't)，表示“禁止”，“不准”。
【翻译句子】
(11)走了很远的路你一定饿了。
you must be hungry after the long walk.
【结论2】must表示有把握的推测，意为“一定，肯定”，用于肯定句中。
【翻译句子】
(12 )因为他的腿断了，他不得不躺在床上。
as he had broken his leg, he had to lie in bed.
【结论3】have to表示“必须，不得不”，着重强调客观需要，能用于更多时态(过去式和将来式)。
【疑难】
— how old are you, madam?
— if you must know, i'm twice my son's age.
【疑难剖析】 must有“偏要、硬要”之意。
(四)will, would的用法
【例句观察】
i will do my best to help you.
我会尽力帮你的。
he said that they would help us.
他说他们会帮助我们的。
【结论1】用于各种人称，表示意志或决心。will指现在，would则指过去。
【完成例句】
(13)你可以教我怎样驾车吗？
would you teach me how to drive a car?
(14)当你看见他能给他捎个便条吗？
will you please give him a message when you see him?
【结论2】用于第二人称的疑问句中表示有礼貌的询问和请求，would 比 will更委婉。
【完成例句】
(15)鱼没水就会死。
fish will die without water.
(16)星期天当他在北京的时候就会来看我。
he would come to see me on sunday when he was in beijing.
【结论3】表示习惯性、经常性、倾向性，意为“总是”，“惯于”。 will指现在，would是指过去。
【疑难1】
that will be the man you want to see.
perhaps she would be willing to meet us.
【疑难剖析1】表示说话人的推测，意为“大概，也许”。would 的肯定性不如will强，语气比较弱。
【疑难2】
that will do.
the machine won't work.
he tried the door again, but it wouldn't open
【疑难剖析2】. 表示功能，译作“能”或“行”。
【疑难3】
would 与used to 的区别：
we would sit in the yard every evening and listen to his story. (过去常有的习惯，但言下之意是现在可能还有这样的习惯。)
we used to sit in the yard every evening and listen to his story. (过去常有的习惯，但言下之意是现在没有这样的习惯了。)
there used to be a park here.
【疑难剖析3】 used to表示过去的某种习惯，现在已经没那样的习惯了；would 表示过去有某种习惯，现在可能还有。表示过去的状态，只能用used to，不能用would。
(五)shall, should, ought to的用法
【翻译句子】
(17)我可以把灯关掉吗？
shall i turn off the light?
【结论1】shall用于第一、第三人称作主语的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见。
【翻译句子】
(18) you should keep your promise.
你应该信守诺言。
【结论2】should意为“应该”，表义务、责任，也可表示劝告、建议。
【翻译句子】
(19)妈妈现在应该回来啦。
mother should be back by now.
【结论3】 should表示按常规、常理推测，意为“可能”或“应该”。
【翻译句子】
(20) i should think you are mistaken.
我倒认为你是错的。
【结论4】提出意见、建议时，可用should表示委婉、谦逊的语气，意为“可”，“倒是”。
【翻译句子】
(21)你应该在回家前完成作业。
you ought to finish your work before you go home.
【结论5】ought to表示责任和义务“应该”，语气比 should强；还可表推测。例如：
you have practiced for a long time. there ought to be no difficulty for you.
【疑难1】
you shall go with me.
you shall not leave your post.
【疑难剖析1】shall用于第二、第三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示说话人的决心、意志、许诺、命令、警告、威胁等。
【疑难2】
why should you be so late?
你今天来得怎么这么晚？
how should i know?
我怎会知道！(意为：我不知道。)
【疑难剖析2】why / how ＋should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思，意为“竟会”。
(六)need的用法
【例句观察】
you needn't water the tomato plants now.
— need he come now?
— yes, he must. / no, he needn‘t. / he doesn’t have to.
【结论1】need作情态动词表示“需要”，“必要”。通常用于否定句、疑问句、条件句中，且只有现在时，其他时态用“have to”的相应形式代替。
【翻译句子】
(22) the house needs repairing.
＝the house needs to be repaired.
房子需要修理。
【结论2】need还可以用作行为动词，其变化和一般的动词相同。若主语为动作承受者时用动词主动形式表示被动意义或用不定式的被动形式。
【疑难1】
—must i finish my homework now?
— no, you needn't.
【疑难剖析1】“must…？”一般疑问句的否定回答要用：no, sb. needn't.
(七)dare的用法
【翻译句子】
(23) she dare not go there.
她不敢去那儿。
(24) how dare she do such a thing?
她怎敢做那样的事情？
【结论1】 dare作情态动词表示“敢于”用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。
【翻译句子】
(25) i dare say he is right.
我想他大概是对的吧。
they've lived here since .
【结论2】 惯用短语“i dare say”意为“我想，大概”。
【翻译句子】
(26) 你敢往海里跳吗？
do you dare to jump into the ocean?
(27) 我不敢问她。
i don't dare (to) ask her.
【结论3】dare还可以用作行为动词，其变化与一般动词相同。 (在否定句中时，dare后的“to＋动词原形”可以省略to)。
二、情态动词的特殊用法
情态动词除各自有自己的词义外，还可以表示猜测和责备(虚拟)等意义。情态动词表推测用法can / must / may / should这四个情态动词可以用于推测，可以对现在状态、现在正在进行的动作、过去已经发生的动作或对将来发生的动作进行推测。
(一)对现在状态、现在正在进行的动作的推测，用“情态动词＋动词原形”结构。
1. can
【完成例句】
(28) he is in hospital. he can't be at school.
他在住院，他不可能在校学习。
(29)英语课开始了，他们不可能在打网球。
english class has begun. they can not be playing tennis now.
【结论1】否定句：意为“不可能”。
【完成例句】
(30) can he have been to america?
他会不会去过美国？
【结论2】疑问句：意为“会不会”。
2. may
【完成例句】
(31)他有辆车，他可能坐车来，但我不确定。
he has a car. he may come by car, but i am not sure.
(32)他们在上体育课。男孩们可能正在打球。
they are having pe. boys may be playing basketball.
【结论1】肯定句：意为“也许，可能”(might 的可能性更小)
【完成例句】
(33)没有人来接电话，他可能不在家。
no one comes to answer the phone. he may not be at home.
【结论2】否定句：意为“也许不 / 没有，可能不 / 没有” (注意与can't 否定猜测时意思的对比)。
3. must
【完成例句】
(34)地面是湿的，昨天晚上肯定下过雨。
the ground is wet. it must have rained last night.
【结论】只能用于“肯定句”表示猜测，意为：“肯定，必定”(＝i am sure that…)
4. should, ought to[ ]
【例句观察】
it's spring now. it should be warm.
现在是春天了，应该暖和点了。
the new coat ought to be ready on thursday.
新外套到礼拜四应该能准备好了。
【结论】 肯定句 “理应，应当”(按常规、常理、风俗习惯等进行推测)。[ ]
(二)对过去所发生的事情的推测，用“情态动词＋完成式”结构。
【完成例句】
(35)房间里没有灯光，他们肯定已经上床睡觉了。
there's no light in the room. they must have gone to bed.
【结论1】must have done 一定做过某事。
【完成例句】
(36)他昨天不可能住酒店，他住在我家。
he couldn't have lived in the hotel because he stayed with me in my house.
【结论2】can have done / cannot have done表示对过去所发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。
【翻译句子】
(37)你本来可以把工作做得更好一些的。
you could have done the work better.
【结论3】 could have done本来可以做而实际上未做。
【完成例句】
(38)他也许可以给你更多的帮助，尽管他很忙。
he might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.
【结论4】may / might have done也许 / 或许已经……；本来可能……(但实际上没有发生)；本来应该或可以做某事(含有轻微的责备语气)。
【翻译句子】
(39)你本应该更加仔细地做这个练习。
you should / ought to have done the exercise more carefully.
【结论5】should / ought to have done
本来应该做而实际上未做。(有“弦外之音，言外之意”。事实上，动作在过去并未发生过。)而ought not to have done; shouldn't have done表示“本来不应该做而实际上做了”。
【完成例句】
(40)你本来不必来校上课，因为今天是星期天。
today is sunday. you needn't have come to school for lessons.
【结论6】needn't have done 本来没必要做而实际上做了。
【疑难1】
you must go now, needn't you?
you mustn't smoke here, must / may you?
【疑难剖析1】
当must作“必须”意义时，其反义部分用needn't；
当含有mustn't时，其反意部分用must / may。
【疑难2】
you must be hungry now, aren't you?
you must have heard about it, haven't you?
you must have watched that football match last night, didn't you?
【疑难剖析2】当情态动词表推测时，反义部分的动词形式根据情态动词后面所隐含的时间来确定。
情态动词 篇2
XX高考二轮复习英语考案： 情态动词和虚拟语气
【专题考案】
1. —that must be a mistake.
—no, it _____ a mistake.
a. must not be b. needn’t be c. cannot be d. would not be
2. —_____ i water the trees on tuesday?
—no, you needn’t.
a. can b. must c. may d. shall
3. he _____ not pay unless he is punished to pay.
a. shall b. will c. can d. would
4. i _____ such a mistake again.
a. shall never make b. may never make
c. can never do d. need never do
5. —_____ i turn on the radio?
—you’d better not. it is noisy enough in this room.
a. shall b. must c. need d. do
6. let’s go to the library this afternoon, _____?
a. shall we b. will we c. can we d. should we
7. where are my keys? i _____ lost them.
a. ought to b. should have c. will have d. must have
8. even if he has time, he _____ shopping in town on sunday.
a. won’t go b. will go c. won’t go to d. doesn’t go
9. he _____ finished earlier.
a. shall have b. ought to c. could have d. must have
10. in case i _____, i would try again.
a. will fail b. would miss c. should fail d. shall miss
11. since the road is wet this morning, _____ last night.
a. it must rain b. it must have rained
c. it must be rained d. it must have been rained
12. he asked me if he _____ open the window.
a. shall b. would c. will d. should
13. everyone _____ do his best to make the world safe and clean.
a. can b. may c. should d. had to
14. _____ to have lunch with us today?
a. do you like b. would you like c. will you like d. have you like
15. —will you lend me your book?
—yes, i _____.
a. will b. need c. can d. must
16. if i had time, _____ see that new movie at the capital theater.
a. i will b. i may c. i shall d. i would
17. the english of her composition is too good. she can’t _____ it herself.
a. have to write b. have written c. write d. be written
18. you _____ the look on his face when he won the lottery.
a. would have seen b. can be seeing c. must see d. may see
19. the light is out in her room; she _____ to bed.
a. must have gone b. had gone c. must be going d. must go
20. they _____ that far; but they stopped to have a snack on the way.
a. might be gone b. needed go c. could have gone d. ought have gone
21. he _____ to the farm yesterday.
a. need go b. needed go c. has to go d. had to go
22. he is so strong that i _____ fight against him.
a. dare not b. did dare not c. didn’t dare to d. dare not to
23. i couldn’t _____ cry while i was watching the movie “to live a. help to b. help c. help but to d. help but
24. they asked tom to give him a drink, but he _____.
a. hadn’t b. wasn’t c. wouldn’t d. could
25. as physics is hard enough, i _____ study it.
a. am not able b. couldn’t c. am not able to d. cannot
26. you _____ to the meeting this morning if you have something important to doa. needn’t to come b. don’t need come
c. don’t need coming d. needn’t come
27. _____ you fetch me some hot water?
a. can b. may c. must d. might
28. you _____ get down the bus until the bus has stopped.
a. can’t b. needn’t c. mustn’t d. don’t
29. —would you come and join us?
—i wish i _____. i am busy at the moment.
a. can b. could c. would d. should
30. you _____ right, but i don’t think you are.
a. may be b. could be c. would be d. should be
31. she looks so sad. she _____ ill.
a. can be b. should be c. must be d. will be
32. he _____ away. we don’t see him anywhere around.
a. may go b. must go c. can go d. must have gone
33. he is much richer than what he _____.
a. would be b. must be c. used to be d. could be
34. the little kid _____ not touch the dog.
a. need b. dare c. ought d. could
35. i want to go to the hospital, but you _____ with me.
a. need to not to go b. do not need go c. need not go d. need go not
36. when he was old, mr smith _____ sit for hours without saying anything.
a. would b. should c. must d. will
37. mary _____ be in london because i saw her in town just now.
a. mustn’t b. isn’t able toc. may not d. cannot
38. the door is still closed. he _____ the key.
a. must have lost b. must lose c. need have lost d. can lost
39. the bus had left, so we _____ walk home.
a. have to b. ought c. had to d. must
40. you _____ see her, but i must.
a. haven’t b. cannot c. mustn’t d. needn’t
41. “ _____ you play baseball?” “ no, i _______”。
a. can; may b. can’t; can’t c. may; can’t d. can; can
42. “ ______ i hand in the paper this week?” “ no, you ______. you _____ hand it in next week.
a. must; needn’t; may b. will; mustn’t; ought to
c. shall; can’t; have to d. should; didn’t have to; can
were already 4 people in the car but they managed to take john as well. it ______ a comfortable journey.
a. can’t be b. wouldn’t be
c. mustn’t have been d. couldn’t have been
44. it’s nearly eight o’clock. they ______ be here at any moment.
a. must b. can c. should d. need
45.“ ______ i take the magazine out of the reading room?” “ sorry, you _____.”
a. may; mustn’t b. must; can’t
c. will; didn’t have to c. can; aren’t able to
46. the boss say to the secretary, “ if you work well, you _____ have a rise.”
a. shall b. would c. must d. ought
47. let’s sing a song, ______ we?
a. will b. can’t c. shall d. do
48. “______ you go so soon?” “ no, i ______ go yet.”
a must; mustn’t b. shall; won’t c. can; may not d. must; needn’t
49. the book i borrowed from the library isn’t here. who __________?
a. could have taken it b. must have taken it
c. might take it d. should take it.
50. “ they went to the lecture, but it had been put off.” “ oh, so they _______.”
a. needn’t have gone b. should have gone
c. mustn’t have gone d. don’t need to go
51. “________ i have a glass of beer?” “ no, i’m afraid you ________.”
a. can’t; can’t b. could; won’t c. may; daren’t d. shall; may
52. “ isn’t that tom playing basketball?” “ it ______ be; he fell off the ladder yesterday and got badly hurt.”
a. mustn’t b. would rather not c. couldn’t d. wouldn’t
53. “ need he go?” “ yes, he ______.”
a. need b. can c. may d. must
54. tell me how you work out the answer, _______ you?
a. can b. will c. don’t d. shan’t
55. you promised your friend a letter; you ought to ______ days ago.
a. write b. be writing c. have written d. be written
56. the teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.
a. must finish b. would be finished c. be finished d. must be finished
57. she made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ iraq.
a. leave; for b. leave; to c. left; to d. to be left; for 58. he is talking so much about america as if he _____ there.
a. had been b. has been c. was d. has gone
59. the young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.
a. did; set b. had done; should be set
c. should do; be set d. had done; must be set
60. i suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____
a. can; it b. /; / c. would; it d. may; /
61. the suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.
a. for; to b. that; be c. which; should be d. to; being
62. the order came that the medical supplies _____ to beijing for the sars soon.
a. would be sent b. should send c. be sent d. must be sent
63. it is important that we _____ wild animals.
a. will protect b. should protect c. shall protect d. are protecting
64. had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.
a. are b. were c. would be d. would have been
65. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.
a. will there be b. should there be c. there will be d. there should be
66. _____ today, he would get there by friday.
a. would he leave b. was he leaving
c. were he to leave d. if he leave
67. should it rain, the crops _____ .
a. would be saved b. would have been saved
c. will be saved d. had been saved
68. you _____ come earlier. the bus left a moment ago.
a. would b. should have c. may d. have
69. he treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.
a. i am b. i would be c. i was d. i were
70. i _____ you some money, but i hadn’t any on me then.
a. would lend b. would have lent c. could lend d. may have lent
71. a few minutes earlier and we _____ the rain.
a. have caught b. had caught
c. could have caught d. were to catch
72. --- “have you ever been to beijing?”
--- “no, but i wish i _____”
c. do d. had
73. i’m glad i went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .
a. i may have failed b. i’d fail
c. i’d have failed d. i’ll have failed
74. --- “what will you do during the summer holiday?”
--- “i don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”
a. i’m deciding b. i’ll decide c. i decided d. i decide
75. what should we do if it _____ tomorrow?
a. should snow b. would snow c. snow d. will snow
76. if only i _____ my watch!
a. hadn’t lost b. haven’t lost c. didn’t lost d. don’t lose
77. you _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.
a. may not make b. might not make
c. shouldn’t have made d. might not have made
78. we _____ the work on time without your help.
a. hadn’t had finished b. didn’t have finished
c. couldn’t have finished d. can’t have finished
79. --- “where have you been?”
--- “i got caught in traffic; otherwise _____ sooner.”
a. i would be here b. i have been here
c. i had been here d. i would have been here
80. if it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, i would ask you to do this right now.
a. were b. had been c. are d. should be
81. the teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.
a. must finish b. would be finished c. be finished d. must be finished
82. she made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ iraq.
a. leave; for b. leave; to c. left; to d. to be left; for
83. he is talking so much about america as if he _____ there.
a. had been b. has been c. was d. has gone
84. the young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.
a. did; set b. had done; should be set
c. should do; be set d. had done; must be set
85. i suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____ .
a. can; it b. /; / c. would; it d. may; /
86. the suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.
a. for; to b. that; be c. which; should bed. to; being
87. the order came that the medical supplies _____ to beijing for the sars soon.
a. would be sent b. should send c. be sent d. must be sent
88. it is important that we _____ wild animals.
a. will protect b. should protect c. shall protect d. are protecting
89. had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.
a. are b. were c. would be d. would have been
90. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.
a. will there be b. should there be c. there will be d. there should be
91. _____ today, he would get there by friday.
a. would he leave b. was he leaving
c. were he to leave d. if he leave
92. should it rain, the crops _____ .
a. would be saved b. would have been saved
c. will be saved d. had been saved
93. you _____ come earlier. the bus left a moment ago.
a. would b. should have c. may d. have
94. he treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.
a. i am b. i would be c. i was d. i were
95. i _____ you some money, but i hadn’t any on me then.
a. would lend b. would have lent c. could lend d. may have lent
96. a few minutes earlier and we _____ the rain.
a. have caught b. had caught c. could have caught d. were to catch
97. --- “have you ever been to beijing?”
--- “no, but i wish i _____”
c. do d. had
98. i’m glad i went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .
a. i may have failed b. i’d fail
c. i’d have failed d. i’ll have failed
99. --- “what will you do during the summer holiday?”
--- “i don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”
a. i’m deciding b. i’ll decide c. i decided d. i decide
100. what should we do if it _____ tomorrow?
a. should snow b. would snow c. snow d. will snow
101. if only i _____ my watch!
a. hadn’t lost b. haven’t lost c. didn’t lost d. don’t lose
102. you _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.
a. may not make b. might not make
c. shouldn’t have made d. might not have made
103. we _____ the work on time without your help.
a. hadn’t had finished b. didn’t have finished
c. couldn’t have finished d. can’t have finished
104. --- “where have you been?”
--- “i got caught in traffic; otherwise _____ sooner.”
a. i would be here b. i have been here
c. i had been here d. i would have been here
105. if it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, i would ask you to do this right now.
a. were b. had been c. are d. should be
参考答案：1—5 cbbaa 6—10 adacc 11—15 bdcba 16—20 dbaac 21—25 dadcc 26—30 dacba 31—35 cdcbc 36—40 adacd 41-45 badca46-50 acdaa 51-55 acdbc 56-60. caabb 61-65. bcbcb 71— 81-85. caabb 86-90. bcbcb 91-95. caabdb 96—100. cdcca 101-105. adcdc
情态动词 篇3
1 情态动词的语法特征
1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2） 情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。
2 比较can 和be able to
1）can could 表示能力；可能 (过去时用could),
只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。
they will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2）只用be able to
a. 位于助动词后。
b. 情态动词后。
c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。
d. 用于句首表示条件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。
he was able to flee europe before the war broke out.
= he managed to flee europe before the war broke out.
注意：could不表示时态
1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。
--- could i have the television on?
--- yes, you can. / no, you can't.
2）在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。
he couldn't be a bad man.
他不大可能是坏人。
3 比较may和might
1） 表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。
may god bless you!
he might be at home.
注意： might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。
2）成语： may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为"不妨"。
if that is the case, we may as well try.
典型例题
peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
a. must b. may c. can d. will
答案b. 表可能性只能用may. 此句意可从后半句推出。
4 比较have to和must
1) 两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。
my brother was very ill, so i had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)
he said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）
2) have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。
he had to look after his sister yesterday.
3） 在否定结构中： don't have to 表示"不必"
mustn't 表示"禁止"，
you don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。
you mustn't tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。
5 must表示推测
1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为"一定"。
2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时， must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。
you have worked hard all must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）
he must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。
比较：
he must be staying there.
他现在肯定呆在那里。
he must stay there.
他必须呆在那。
3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。
i didn't hear the phone. i must have been asleep. 我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。
4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。
---why didn't you answer my phone call?
---well, i must have been sleeping, so i didn't hear it.
5) 否定推测用 can't。
if tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet. 如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。
6 表示推测的用法
can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：
1）情态动词+动词原形。
表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。
i don't know where she is, she may be in wuhan.
2）情态动词+动词现在进行时。
表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。
at this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.
这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。
3）情态动词+动词完成时。
表示对过去情况的推测。
we would have finished this work by the end of next december.
明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。
the road is wet. it must have rained last night.
地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。
表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。
your mother must have been looking for you.
你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。
mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如 can, may。
7 情态动词+ have +过去分词
1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth 表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。
philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
2) must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有"肯定"，"谅必"的意思。
--- linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.
---she must have gone by bus.
3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth
本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。
you ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.
he ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事实上已扔了。）
ought to 在语气上比should 要强。
4) needn't have done sth 本没必要做某事
i dressed very warmly for the trip, but i needn't have done so. the weather was hot.
5) would like to have done sth 本打算做某事
i would like to have read the article, but i was very busy then.
8 should 和ought to
should 和ought to 都为"应该"的意思，可用于各种人称。
---ought he to go?
---yes. i think he ought to.
表示要求，命令时，语气由 should（应该）、had better最好）、must（必须）渐强。
9 had better表示"最好"
had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。
had better do sth
had better not do sth
it is pretty cold. you'd better put on my coat.
she'd better not play with the dog.
had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为"本来最好"。
you had better have come earlier.
10 would rather表示"宁愿"
would rather do
would rather not do
would rather… than… 宁愿……而不愿。
还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。
if i have a choice, i had sooner not continue my studies at this school.
i would rather stay here than go home. = i would stay here rather than go home.
典型例题
---- shall we go skating or stay at home?
----which ___ do?
a. do you rather b. would you rather c. will you rather d. should you rather
答案b。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为"宁愿"，本题为疑问句， would 提前，所以选b。
11 will和would
注意：
1）would like； would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。
would you like to go with me?
2）will you…? would you like…? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。
would you like some cake?
3）否定结构中用will，一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。
won't you sit down?
12 情态动词的回答方式
问句 肯定回答 否定回答
need you…? yes, i must. no,i needn't
must you…? /don't have to.
典型例题
1）---could i borrow your dictionary?
---yes, of course, you____.
a. might b. will c. can d. should
答案表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could或might。复习： will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。
2）---shall i tell john about it?
---no, you ___. i've told him already.
a. needn't b. wouldn't c. mustn't d. shouldn't
答案a。needn't 不必，不用。 wouldn't 将不， 不会的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't 不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用needn't。
3）---don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
---______.
a. i don't b. i won't c. i can't d. i haven't
答案b. will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表"意愿、意志、决心"，本题表示决心，选b。
13 带to 的情态动词
带to 的情态动词有四个：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must), be able to，为六个。它们的疑问，否定形式应予以注意：
do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?
she didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.
you ought not to have told her all about it.
ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?
ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do
等助动词协助。
典型例题
tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
told telling d. having told
答案a。由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词 ought to 后，所以用 have。
14 比较need和dare
这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时， 后面的to 时常可以被省略。
1) 实义动词： need （需要， 要求）
need + n. / to do sth
2) 情态动词： need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。
need you go yet?
yes, i must. / no, i needn't.
3) need 的被动含义：need, want, require, worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动：
need doing = need to be done
情态动词 篇4
第九章 情态动词
我们使用语言有时需要提出要求、意向或建议，有时需要表达我们的愿望和打算。我们也可能想更礼貌一些，更得体一些。为了表达上述意义我们需要一组叫情态动词的动词。情态动词有时又叫情态助动词。情态动词本身虽有一定词义，但不能独立用作谓语、也没有人称和数的变化，其后一定要跟随动词原形，共同构成复合谓语。
一、情态动词的特点及形式
情态动词是用于表示说话人的某种感情或语气的词类，有自己的词义，但是不能单独作谓语 ，而必须与其他原形动词共同构成谓语。
情态动词没有人称和数的变化(因此单数第三人称不加s)，有过去式，但无分词形式。
经常使用的情态动词有：can, may, must, ought to, will, shall, would, should, need , dare等。它们的不同形式分别表示请求、允诺、愿望、命令、能力、需要、拒绝等情感和态度。
例如：
you may come in now.
你现在可以进来。(表示“许可”)
the schoolbag can hold so many books.
这个书包能装下这么多的书。(表示“能够”)
you must be here on time.
你必须准时到这儿。(表示“必须”)
you mustn't make a friend with such a man.
你绝不能与这样的人交朋友。(表示“禁止”)
二、情态动词的用法
, could, be able to
(1)can表示能力，其疑问形式表示请求，其否定形式常表示猜测。can只有现在时和过去时 两种形式，其他时态只能用be able to进行表达。
can i sit here?
我可以坐在这里吗？(表示“请求”)
she could play the violin well when she was a little girl. (表示“过去的能力”)
她很小的时候就能出色地演奏小提琴了。
they have not been able to beat the brazilian team.
他们没有能够打败巴西队。(完成时用be able to表示)
she can't be there now.
她现在不可能在那里。(表示“猜测”)
(2)could用于疑问句，表示比can更为客气的语气；could用于肯定句可以表示没有多大把握 的猜测或表示过去曾有过的能力；could还可用于虚拟语 气表示与现在情况相反的假设。
could i sit here?
我可以坐在这里吗？(比can更为客气的请求)
she could be serious, but i don't think so.
她可能是认真的，但我不这样认为。
we wish we could go to the moon like the two americans.
我们要是能像那两个美国人一样也去月球看看多好啊。(虚拟语气)
she could type 100 words within one minute in her twenties.
她二十多岁的时候，能够在一分钟之内打一百个字。(表示过去的能力)
(3)was (were) able to与could的区别是表示不但有能力，而且曾经做过某件事情。
he was able to swim across the yangtze river last summer.
他去年夏天能够游过长江。
he was able to leave germany for america during the world war 2.
在二战期间，他设法离开德国去了美国。
， might
may用于陈述句表示“可以”，“允许”的意思；还可以表示“可能”。例如：
you may sit down.
你可以坐下。(表示“允许”)
you may be correct.
你可能是正确的。(表示“猜测”)
may用于疑问句表示“请求”；用于否定句表示说话人“不允许”，“不许可”。
may i take the dictionary away?
我可以把这本词典拿走吗？(表示“请求”)
you may not take it away.
=i don't want you to take it away.
我不允许你把它拿走。(表示“拒绝”)
注意：may引导的疑问句，肯定回答用：yes, you may.否定回答用： no, you mustn't. (no, you can't或no, you had better not.)表示“千万不要”，“不可 以”，“禁止”的意思。
may i come in?
我可以进来吗？
yes, please. no, you mustn't.
请进。 不，不行。
might(could)用于一般现在时，表示更为委婉和礼貌的语气。
i'm afraid it might rain this evening.
我看今晚恐怕要下雨。
might i ask a question?
我可以提个问题吗？
might可用于表示与现在的事实相反情况的虚拟语气。
if the boy were older, he might understand.
要是这孩子年龄再大一些，他就可能懂了。
if i were you, i might finish it earlier.
如果我是你，我会更早一些干完这件事。
may和 might用于从句中表示目的，意为“以便能……”、“使……可以”。he wrote down my address so that he might remember it well.他把我的地址写下来了，以便能记住。
, have to
must强调个人的意志和主观的决心，意为“一定，必须”； have to侧重于客观上 的必要，强调客观条件作用的结果，意为“务必，不得不”。如果用于过去时或将来时 ，要用have to来代替，但must可用于间接引语，表示过去的必要和义务。
you must stop smoking.
你必须把烟戒掉。(强调主观意志)
you must complete the painting before next friday.
你必须在下星期五以前完成这幅画。(强调主观)
i have to stop the car and wait for the policeman.
我不得不停车等那个警察。(强调客观)
there was little time left and she had to drive quickly to the airport.
剩下的时间不多了，她只得开快点赶往机场。(用于一般过去时)
you'll have to wait for me for a little while tomorrow.
你明天得稍微等我一会儿。(用于将来时)
she said she must do well in her english.
她说她必须要把英语学好。(用于间接引语)
must构成的疑问句，回答的否定形式经常是needn't或don't have to，意为“不必要”，“不用……”，而不说mustn't(除非特别强调)。
must i hand it in before five?
我必须在五点钟以前把它交上去吗？
yes, you must. no, you needn't.
是的，必须交。 不，用不着。
must的肯定句，还经常用于表示推测。
he must be at home.
他肯定在家里呢。(对现在情况的推测)
they must have gone back to their hometown.
他们一定是回老家去了。(对过去的事的推测)
they must be repairing your car at the garage.
他们肯定在车间修你的车呢。(对现在的行为的推测)
need可以作情态动词使用，也可作行为动词使用。
作为情态动词使用，need没有时态与人称的变化，并且多在否定句，疑问句和条件句中使 用，含义为“需要，必须”。
you need not hand in the exercise today.
你不必今天交作业。(=i don't think you need hand in the exercise today.)
need we find time to go into the question?
要不要我们找时间把这个问题深入研究一下？
(=do you think we need find time to go into the question?)
if you need repair your car, come to me.
如果你需要修车，就来找我。
need 作情态动词时的用法，情态need 表需要，没有时态、数、人称，其后直接跟动词，用于疑问和否定。
注意：①need作为情态动词，一般不在肯定句中使用。在肯定句 中通常用must, have to, ought to, should等。例如：
need i tell mr. li about it?
我是否需要把这件事情告诉李先生？
(否定回答)no, you needn't.
不，没有必要。
(肯定回答)yes, you must. you must tell him about it.
是的，你必须把这件事情告诉他。
②这里“need i...?”与“must i...?”在意思上差别不大，因此回答也是一样的，肯定为 must，否定用needn't。
③needn't+ have done表示“做了本不需要做的事”。例如：
you needn't have completed so many exercises.
你本来不必完成这么多习题。(实际已经做完了)
she need't have gone there with him.
她本来没有必要和他一块去那里。(实际已去了)
need作实义动词(或称行为动词)使用时，其句型变化与其他行为动词一样，要加助动词do , does, did等等。例如：
i need your help.
我需要你的帮助。
do you need anything to eat?
你要不要吃点东西？
she doesn't need to take any medicine.
她不需要吃药。
注意：
need作为动词使用，宾语可以是动名词或不定式；动名词用主动形式，而不定式一定要接用被动形式。例如：
this car needs repairing.
(=this car needs to be repaired.)
这辆汽车需要修理。
does this shirt need washing?
(=does this shirt need to be washed?）
这件衬衣需要洗吗？
， would
should后接原形动词表示应该做某事或承担责任、义务；should还可以表示一种推测。
例如：
you should work harder and pass the exam.
你应该更加努力，通过考试。(表示应该)
he should brush his teeth before going to bed.
他应该睡觉以前把牙刷一下。(表示应该)
she should have arrived in hong kong by this time.
她这时候已经到香港了。(表示推测)
the book is written by a famous professor, so it should be selling well.
(表示推测)
这本书是一位著名教授写的，应该很有卖点。
would有两种用法：
①多用于一般现在时，表示比will更为婉转的请求。
②用于一般过去时，表示过去的习惯性行为。
例如：
would you like a cup of tea?
来一杯茶好吗？(婉转的请求)
would you show me the way to the post office?
请告诉我去邮局怎么走好吗？(请求)
when even they came to see him, they would bring him a lot of farm products.
无论何时他们来看他，总会给他带来许多农产品。(表示过去的习惯)
each time he passed the food shop, he would buy some chocol ate for his daughter.
每次路过食品店，他都会给女儿买些巧克力。(表示过去的习惯)
， used to
would和used to都表示过去的习惯和过去反复发生的动作，但would只强调过去的情况，后 面通常接表示动作的动词不能接表示状态的动词。而used to强调过去的情况与现在的情况 的对比，说明现在情况不同了。
each time his mother's birthday came, he would buy her a present .
每次到他母亲生日的时候，他都要给她买一件礼物。(表示过去的习惯)
my father used to go to the office by bike when he was young.
我父亲年轻的时候总是骑车去上班。(现在不是这样了)
when he had a meal at this restaurant, he would sit at the table by the window.
当他在这家餐厅吃饭时，总是坐在靠窗的桌子边。(过去的习惯)
he used to drink so much when he lost his job.
当他失业时，他酗酒很厉害。(现在不酗酒了)
比较：must, may和might用于表示猜测的区别：
must表示最大的可能性，意思是“必定，一定，肯定”；
do you notice the way the man speaks? he must be a business man.
你注意到这个人说话的方式了吗？他一定是一个商人。
look at the fire over there! something must be happening to mr. cameron's house.
看那边的大火！肯定是卡梅隆家出事了。
someone must have told you the news yesterday.
昨天一定是有人已经告诉了你这个消息。
may表示的可能性小于must，意为“可能”。
the opportunity may come at any time.
机会可能会随时到来的。
go to miss li and she may help you with it.
去找李老师，她可能会帮助你解决此事。
your parents may know nothing about it.
你父母对此可能一无所知。
might表示的可能性最小，意为“也许，大概”。might表示可能性，不含有过去时的意思。
they might be at susan's house.
他们也许都在苏姗家呢。
your mother might be angry with you.
你妈妈大概生你的气了。
mr. cameron might refuse to attend the meeting today.
卡梅隆先生今天可能会拒绝出席会议。
dare作为情态动词，意为“敢于，敢做……”，多用在否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。
例如：
the girl dare not stay here alone in this empty house.
这个姑娘不敢独自一人呆在这所空房子里。
dare you swim across the river?
你敢游到河那边去吗？
how dare you do such a thing?
你怎么敢做这样的事情？
i don't know if she dare say that to him.
我不知道她敢不敢跟他说那话。
三、情态动词+have+ done的用法
1. must have done与can't (couldn't) have done
must have done用于表示对过去的肯定推测，只能用于肯定句，表示“一定……，肯定已经 ……”；而can't (couldn't) have done用于表示对过去的否定的推测，用于否定句， 表示“不可能……”。
look at your school report. you must have made a lot of mistakes in your test papers.
看看你的成绩单。你一定是在试卷上出了好多错。
she suddenly fell down on her way to school, she must have been ill.
她在去上学的路上突然摔倒了，肯定是生病了。
he can't have been in his office this time yesterday.
昨天这个时间他不可能在他的办公室里。
she couldn't have seen me because i wasn't there at all yesterday.
昨天她不可能看见我，因为我根本没在那里。
(might) have done
该结构只用于肯定句或否定句之中，表示对过去情况的猜测，意为“也许”，“已经”，“ 本来可以”等。其否定形式含义为“大概不会”，“可能不是”等。而疑问句形式要用can 或could来 提问。
he may have arrived in america by now.
到这时候他可能已经到达美国了。
i might have told you about the things earlier.
我本来可以早一些告诉你这些情况的。
i might have lent him more money when he came to me.
当他来找我时，我本可以多借给他一些钱。
could he have returned it?
他不会不还这些钱吧？
to have done与should have done
这两种结构都表示过去必须做的事而没做，含有“本来应该怎样”的意思。
you ought to have gone into this question earlier.
你本来应该再早一些深入研究一下这个问题。
they ought to have prepared the work for the meeting more carefully.
他们本该把会议工作准备得更充分一些。
he should have done better in the car race.
他本应该在汽车大赛之中表现得更好一些。
we should have climbed up to the top of the mountain.
我们本来应该爬到山顶的。
't have done
该结构表示过去不需要做的事情，但却已经做了，含有“本来不必怎样”的意思。
you needn't have done it instead of him yesterday.
你昨天原本不必替他做那件事情的。
he needn't have given her so much money at that time.
那时他本来不必给她那么多的钱。
there were plenty of time, she needn't have hurried.
时间很充裕，她本不必匆忙
情态动词 篇5
一、何谓“情态动词”？
情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等，是中学英语语法的重点，也是高考的热点，是单项填空必考的一个知识点。情态动词在近五年高考中主要考查四点：情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法；情态动词与虚拟语气；情态动词的表达“情感、态度、语气等”，情态动词表示 “必要性”等方面的用法。
二、情态动词的特点
1.没有人称和数的变化。
2. 有些情态动词有过去式的变化：
will → would , can → could , may→ might , dare → dared
三、情态动词的否定形式
情态动词+ not +动词原形can not: can't , must not: mustn't , need not : needn't
四、情态动词的用法及相互间的区别（注意：这是常考的考点）
1. can , be able to be able to 表示经过努力后， 能够做到； be able to 有多种形式的变化。
can
1). 表示体力或脑力方面的能力；
2). 表示允许、可能性。
could 是can的过去式， 表示过去有能力及过去存在的可能性 ; 用于疑问句表示委婉地提出问题。
1) the fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out.
a. had to b. would c. could d. was able to
2) -will you stay for lunch?
-sorry, __. my brother is coming to see me.
a. i mustn't b. i can't c. i needn't d. i won't
表示询问或说明一件事可不可做； 表示某事有可能发生。might是may的过去式； 用在疑问中比may委婉、客气。
1) -may i take this book out of the reading-room?
-no, you mustn't. ( yes, you may.)
2) -might i make a suggestion? -yes, you may.
3. must
1). 表示必须要做的事： 必须
2) 表示很有把握的推断： 一定， 准是。have (has)to : have (has)got to 必须， 不得不。过去式： had to
3) -must i get to the station before three o'clock?
-yes, you must. ( no, you needn't. )
4) i'm afraid you will have to wait a while.
5) she must be in the classroom now.
6) mary ____ be in paris, i saw her in town only a few minutes ago.
a. mustn't b. shouldn't c. can't d. may not
4. shall
1) 在疑问句中， 用于第一、三人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。
2) 用于二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的 命令、警告、允诺等概念。
1) - shall i place an order with you now? -no, you needn’t.
-shall he turn down the radio a bit? -
yes, please.(no, please don't.)
2) you shall have the english book as soon as i finish it.
3) everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.
4) your brother seldom comes to see you, ____?
a. does he b. doesn't he c. will he d. isn't he
5) it's a fine day. let's go fishing, ____?
a. won't we b. will we
c. don't we d. shall we
5. should 应该 ; 应当
1) you should listen to the doctor's advice.
2) you should study the article carefully.
6. will, would
1) 在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。用would语气更加婉转。
2) will 表示现在的习惯性动作或状态； would 表示过去的习惯性动作或状态。
3) will 用于各种人称， 表示 意志、意愿、决心、允诺； would 表示过去时间的 意志、意愿、......。
(1) don't smoke in the meeting room, ___ you?
a. do youb. will you c. can you d. could you
-will you come with me? -yes, i will.(i am sorry , i can't.)
(2) -would you tell us something about yourself? -yes, i will.
(3) - it's my birthday tomorrow. don't forget to come to my party.
- _____ .
a. i don't b. i won't c. i can't d. i haven't
7. ought to 应该； 应当
1) you oughtn't to smoke too much.
2) she ____ for what she has done.
a. ought to praise b. ought be praised
c. ought to have praised d. ought to be praised
8. dare 1. dare to come 2. dare come
1) he dare not tell the truth.
2) he doesn't dare to come out at night.
3) i don't know whether he ____ try.
a. dare b. needs c. wants d. is allowed
9. need
1). 作为情态动词：必须
2). 作为实义动词： 需要
a.主语是人 need( to do something ; to be done by somebody)
b. 主语是事物 need ( doing; to be done)
1) -do they need to take any books with them?
-no, they don't need to.
2) -need we buy any new equipment? -no, we needn't.
3) this farm tool needs repairing.
this farm tool needs to be repaired.
4) -shall i tell john about it ?
- no, you ___ . i've told him already.
a. needn't b. wouldn't
c. mustn't d. shouldn't
5) it's a fine day. you ____ take a raincoat with you.
a. can't b. mustn't
c. needn't d. may not
[★★★]五、情态动词的解题例析
(1) 认真审题，结合所给出的语境，正确把握说话者的语气、情感、态度、观点等。
(2) 认真思考所给选项中情态动词的基本特征和用法，并结合语境推敲答案。
(3) 要注意把握时间概念。
情态动词无论是表达“推测和可能性”，还是表达“虚拟”这一概念，只要是对过去已经发生的事情进行描述，一律用“情态动词+have done”这一结构；对现在或将来的事情进行描述，用“情态动词+动词或系动词原形”。例如：
（nmet山东，24）thank you for all your hard work last week. i don’t think we ______ it without you.
a. can manage b. could have managed
c. could manage d. can have managed
根据题干中所给出的时间last week可知我们已经做完了工作，已经完成，故排除a、c两项，再结合could have done表示虚拟语气以及与前面的i don’t think…，故说话者想表达的意思是：离开了你，我们本不可能完成这项工作。故答案为b项。
★下面我们来看看常考的一些情态动词★
以下试题均来源于往年的高考试题，具有很强的针对性
(1) must表示推测，意为“一定……”，只能用于肯定句中。 must have done意为：一定做过某事或某事肯定发生了。 例如：
—she looks very happy. she ______ have passed the exam.
—i guess so. it’s not difficult after all.
a. should b. could c. must d. might
【解析】句意为：她看上去很高兴，一定是通过了考试。
【答案】c
(2) should (not) / ought (not) to在中表示根据常规或常识推测，表示“某事应该或不应该发生”，语气比must或can’t / couldn’t稍弱。
例如：—how’s your tour around the north lake? is it beautiful?
—it ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted.
a. will b. would c. should d. must
【解析】should此处表示推测，意为“应该”。
【答案】c
②there _________ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.
a. mustn’t b. shan’t c. shouldn’t d. needn’t
【解析】句意：既然你在驾校进行了大量训练，那么通过道路测试按理不应该有困难。
【答案】c
(3) can, could表达推测时，一般用于疑问句和否定句中；can用于肯定句中表示一种理论上的可能性，并不牵涉是否真的会发生，在这种用法中can只能与动词原形连用；could用于肯定句中，语气比may/ might更弱。例如：
①you ______ be hungry already — you had lunch only two hours ago!
a. wouldn’t b. can’t c. mustn’t d. needn’t
②she ______ have left school, for her bike is still here.
a. can’t b. wouldn’t c. shouldn’t d. needn’t
③it is usually warm in my hometown in march, but it _____ be rather cold sometime.
a. must b. can c. should d. would
④peter ____ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.
a. shall b. should c. can d. must
【解析】①② 两个考题中can用于中表示否定的推测，意为：不可能，一定不会； ③④两个考题中can表示理论上的可能性，翻译为：有时候会……。
【答案】① b ② a ③ b ④ c
(4)may (not) / might (not)表达一种不太把握的推测，意为“或许，可能”；might的语气比may较婉转。例如：
① liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling.
a. will b. can c. must d. may
【解析】may well为固定搭配，意为：很可能，极有可能。
【答案】d
② although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.
a. must b. may c. shall d. should
【解析】这听起来或许是一项简单的任务，但却需要极大的细心。
【答案】b
③—i can’t find my purse anywhere.
—you __ have lost it while shopping.
a. may b. can c. should d. would
【解析】结合语境可知，回答者是在提醒对方：或许购物时把钱包丢了。
【答案】a
（二）表达虚拟语气的情态动词
对过去的一种结果的假设或虚拟，用情态动词+have done这一结构，常用的有以下几个情态动词：
(1) should (not) / ought (not) to have done本（不）应该做某事，但却没有做或做了，含有责备或后悔之意。例如：
—i’m sorry. i _________at you the other day.
—forget it. i was a bit out of control myself.
a. shouldn’t shout b. shouldn’t have shouted
c. mustn’t shout c. mustn’t have shouted
【解析】对不起，我那天本不应该对你大喊大叫的。
【答案】b
(2) could have done本来能够做某事但未做。例如：
thank you for all your hard work last week. i don’t think we ______ it without you.
a. can manage b. could have managed
c. could manage d. can have managed
【解析】根据题干中所给出的时间last week可知我们已经做完了工作，已经完成，故排除a、c两项，再结合could have done表示虚拟语气以及与前面的i don’t think…，故说话者想表达的意思是：离开了你，我们本不可能完成这项工作。
【答案】b
(3) needn’t have done本没有必要做某事但却做了。要注意needn’t do则表达“没有必要去做某事”，时间上应该是现在或将来。例如：
①—catherine, i have cleaned the room for you.
—thanks. you ________ it. i could manage it myself.
a. needn’t do b. needn’t have done
c. mustn’t do d. shouldn’t have done
【解析】根据句意可知catherine对�
【答案】b
② the boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow.
a. can’t b. mustn’t c. needn’t d. shouldn’t
【解析】老板给所有的员工放了假，所以我们明天不必再去上班。
【答案】c
(4)would (not) have done本来(不)会发生某事，但却（发生了）或没有发生。常用于虚拟条件句或含蓄虚拟条件引导的虚拟语气，表示对过去所发生事情结果的假设。例如：
he hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise, he ________ a goal.
a. had scored b. scored
c. would score d. would have scored
【解析】句中otherwise为含蓄条件，相当于if he had not hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，这是对过去的一种虚拟假设。
【答案】d
(5) might have done表示“本来可能……”，但实际上没有发生的事。例如：
what a pity! considering his ability and experience, he ________ better.
a. need have done b. must have done
c. can have done d. might have done
【解析】真是可惜！考虑到他的能力和经验，他本来可以做得更好的。
【答案】d
（三）表达“情感、态度、语气” 等方面的情态动词
1. must表达“情感、态度、语气”主要有以下用法：
(1) 表示主观的义务和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，意思为“必须……，得……，要……”；由must引起的疑问句，肯定回答要用must或have to， 否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to,意思是“不必”。另外，must与have to都可以表示“必须”这一含义。must表示一种主观的需要，而have to表示一种客观的需要，意思是“不得不”，其否定形式是don’ have to。
例如： -what sort of house do you want to have? something big?
--well, it ______ be big--that's not important.
a. mustn't b. needn't c. can't d. won't
【解析】something big?此处意为：must it be big? 回答者的意思是：房子不必太大—那并不重要。
【答案】b
(2) must的否定形式mustn’t表示禁止，意思是“不能，不许”。例如：
when i was young, i was told that i ______ play with matches
a. wouldn't b. needn't c. mustn't d. daren't
【解析】当我年轻的时候，（家人）就一直告诫我千万不要玩火柴。
【答案】c
(3) must用于条件句或疑问句中，可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏要，硬要、干嘛”。例如：
①—may i smoke here ?
—if you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section.
a. should b. could c. may d. must
②john, look at the time. ___________ you play the piano at such a late hour?
【解析】must在这两道试题中均表示“非得，偏要”。
【答案】① d ② a
2. should
(1) should应该，表示“责任和义务”。例如：
according to the air traffic rules, you ___ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.
a. may b. can c. would d. should
【解析】should此处表示根据交通法规应尽的责任和义务。
【答案】d
(2) 在虚拟条件句中用以加强假设语气，表示“与将来事实相反的假设”，用 if+主语+ should +动词原形，当“万一(会)”讲。这时可省略if，将should提到句首，变为倒装句式。请看下面的例子：
if it should rain (=should it rain) tomorrow, i would stay at home.万一明天下雨的话，我就待在家里。再如：
________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
a. would you be b. should you be
c. could you be d. might you be
【解析】句意：万一你被解雇，给你的医疗救助和其它方面的福利也不会被取消。
【答案】b
(3) should还可以用来表示说话人对某事不能理解、赶到意外、惊异等意思，译为“竟然，竟会”。例如：
you can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady.
a. might b. need c. should d. would
【解析】句意：你想象不到这么一个表现良好的绅士竟然会对一个女士这么粗鲁。
【答案】c
3. shall
(1) shall用于第一和第三人称，常用于疑问句中，用来征求对方意见。例如：
①—what’s the name?
—khulaifi. _________ i spell it for you?
a. shall b. would c. can d. might
【答案】a
(2) 用于第二和第三人称，表示“命令、威胁、警告、允诺、”等。例如：
—excuse me. but i want to use your computer to type a report.
—you _____have my computer if you don’t take care of it .
a. shan’t b. might not c. needn’t d. shouldn’t
【解析】shall此处表示“警告”。
【答案】a
(3) shall也用于宣布法律、规定的要求。例如：
①—what does the sign over there read?
—“no person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.”
a. will b. may c. shall d. must
【解析】禁止吸烟是此处的规定。
【答案】c
4. can
(1) can可以用来表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度，主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。例如：
how ______ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have only covered only part of the article?
a. can b. must c. need d. may
【答案】a
(2) can也可以用来表示请求或许可。例如：
—mum, i’ve been studying english since 8 o’clock.
______i go out and play with tom for a while?
—no, i’m afraid not. besides, it’s raining outside now.
a. can’t b. wouldn’t c. may d. won’t
【答案】a
(3) can可以表达一般的或永久的能力。be able to也可表达能力，但常用来表达在某件事情中所表现出来的能力，尤指克服困难能够完成某事。例如：
① if it were not for the fact that she ______ sing, i would invite her to the party.
a. couldn’t b. shouldn’t c. can’t d. might not
② the fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out.
a. had to b. would c. could d. was able to
【答案】c
5. would
(1)will与would可表示“意愿；意志 ”。
例如： john promised his doctor he _____ not smoke and he has never smoked ever since.
a. might b. should c. could d. would
【解析】根据promise可知此处是john向医生表明自己的意志。
【答案】d
(2) would表示过去倾向性或习惯性的动作。used to 也有这一用法，但used to即可用来表达过去的习惯性的动作，也可用来表示过去的状态。例如：
① when he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
a. would b. should c. had better d. might
② in my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than ________.
a. that used to be b. it is used to
c. it was used to d. it used to be
【解析】第一题would指过去习惯性的动作；第二题it 替代life, used to be 指过去的样子。
【答案】a d
情态动词的意义和用法 篇6
d. will和would
和would可用于第二人称疑问句，表示请求和建议等。would比 will委婉客气。
will you have some tea
你喝点茶，好吗？
will you share your happiness with us
你可以把你的欢乐与我们共享吗？
would you pass this book to the student in the last row
请你把这本书传给最后一排的学生好吗？
必背：
willwould you ... 表示请求和建议的答复。
肯定回答
yes, please. 是的，请。
certainly. 当然可以。
sure. 当然了。
all right. 好啊！
否定回答
i'm sorry. i can't. 对不起，不行。
no, thank you. 不，不行。
no, i won't. 不，不行。
和would可表示意志、愿望和决心，用于各种人称陈述句。
i will do anything for you.
我愿为你做任何事。
i will never tell you the secret.
我永远不会告诉你这个秘密。
none is so blind as those who won't see.
不愿看的人眼睛最瞎。
they would not let him in because he was poorly dressed.
他们不让他进�
和would可表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。will表示现在的习惯动作，would表示过去的习惯动作。
he will surf the internet every night.
他每天晚上都在上网。
the boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.
那男孩常常坐在那儿好几个钟头，看着车辆行人通过。
he would be nervous when he met strangers.
遇见陌生人时他总是很紧张。
in class he would ask some silly questions, and his classmates would laugh at him.
课上，他总是问一些蠢问题，他的同学们总是嘲笑他。
可表示固执坚持，这时will不可使用'll的简略形式。用于非人称主语时，表示物体的固有性质和倾向。
i will take the job, and no one can stop me.
我就要这个工作，没有人可阻止我。
he won't do what he's told.
他就是不愿按所吩咐的去做。
the window won't open.
窗子打不开。
this glass will not crack under heavy pressure.
这种玻璃在重压下也不会破碎。
表示将来时间时，不可用于条件状语从句，但will表示意愿或决心时，可用于条件状语从句。
if you will read the book, i'll lend it to you.
如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。
if you will give up smoking, your health will improve.
如果你愿意把烟戒掉的话，你的健康状况就会好转。
和would可表示推论或猜测。
the patient took the sleeping pills an hour ago. he will be asleep now.
病人一小时前吃的安眠药，现在应该睡着了。
it would be about ten when he left home.
他大约在十点钟离开的家。
i thought he would have told you about it.
我认为他已告知你此事。
it would be raining when she went home.
她回家时可能正在下雨。
比较：
would you like ...表示邀请
do you like ...表示习惯
——do you like going go the cinema
你喜欢看电影吗？
——yes,i go to the cinema a lot.
是的，我经常去看电影。
——would you like to go to the cinema tonight
今天晚上去看电影好吗？
——yes,i'd love to.
非常乐意。
和should
①表示征询意见或请求指示，用于一、三人称疑问句。
shall i carry it for you
我来帮你搬它，好吗？
shall we sing a song
我们唱一支歌，好吗？
shall they wait outside
让他们在外面等吗？
shall the waiter bring meals to your room
要服务员把饭送到你房间去吗？
提示：
shall i open the window
我打开窗子好吗？
will you open the window
你打开窗子好吗？
shall he open the window
他打开窗子好吗？
②表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、三人称陈述句中。
you shall do as i say.
按我说的做。（命令）
he shall be sorry for it one day, i tell you.
我告诉你，总有一天他会后悔的。（警告）
you shall fall behind in your exam if you keep playing.
如果你一直玩，你就会在考试中落后。
nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.
什么也阻止不了我们执行这项计划。（决心）
he shall have the book when i finish reading.
我看完这本书就给他看。（允诺）
i shall do my homework after reading this story book.
读完这本故事书后我就做作业。
①表示义务，意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。
children should obey their parents.
儿童应该服从他们的父母。
one shouldn't be selfish.
人千万别自私。
customers who get bad service should complain, shouldn't they
没有得到满意服务的顾客应该抱怨，不是吗？
②常与what, how, why等词连用，表示意外、惊讶等情绪。
how should i know
我怎么会知道呢
why should i fear
我为什么会害怕？
what should she do but cry for help
除了呼救外，她还能干什么？
i don't know why you should think i did it.
我真不知道你凭
③表示对过去、现在或将来情况的某种推测，可译为“可能、照说应该”。
it should be fine tomorrow.
明天可能天是晴天。
he should be taking a bath now.
他可能在洗澡。
it's nearly seven o'clock. jack should be here at any moment.
已经快七点了，杰克随时都可能到这儿。
the film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.
这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。
④表示对现在或以前的动作的责怪、批评（应做的事却没做）。
the boys shouldn't be playing football. they should be at school.
这些男孩子不应该在踢足球，他们应该在上课。
you shouldn't have entered the teachers' office without permission.
没有允许你们不应该进老师办公室。
to
1.表示义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务而该做），口气比should稍重。
we ought to defend our country.
我们应当保卫我们的国家。（每一个公民应尽的义务）
you ought to respect your parents.
你应当尊敬你的父母。
oughtn't we to do everything possible to stop pollution
难道我们不应当尽可能地制止污染吗？
2.表示推测，暗含很大的可能，可译为“应该是，会是”。
prices ought to come down soon.
价格可能会很快下跌。
han mei ought to know his telephone number.
韩梅该知道他的电话号码。
there's a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.
今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。
to和should一样，表示对现在或以前应做的事却没做的责怪、批评。
you ought to be washing your clothes. why are you playing ping-pong
你应该在洗衣服（可是你没洗）。为什么你在打乒乓球？
you ought to have handed in the exercise last week.
你上周就应当交练习。（可你没交，含责备的意思。）
he ought to have asked me before he took my bike.
他在用我自行车之前应该和我讲一声。
to 与should的比较。
ought to 和should的含义较近，但不完全相同。ought to表示“应该”， 是从“义务”或“按理推断”的角度来讲的。should则是从说话人的个人看法这一角度来讲的。
you are her mother. you ought to look after her.
你是她的母亲，你应当照管她。（是道义上的责任，不能和should互换。）
we should encourage him for we are his classmates.
我们应该鼓励他，我们是他的同班同学啊！
提示：
表示“义务”时，我们在口语中可以用had better或be supposed to 来代替should和ought to。
if you are not well, you had better ask alice to go instead.
如果你不舒服，你最好叫艾丽丝代替你去。
i'm supposed to be there at 8 o'clock.
我应该八点到那里。
to
to表示过去的习惯或过去某时期的状况，但现在已不存在。
he used to drink tea but now he drinks coffee.
他过去总是喝茶但现在他喝咖啡了。（强调现在不喝茶了）
i know where there used to be a river here.
我知道这儿以前哪里有条河。（现在没有河了）
when i was a child i didn't use to like tomatoes.
我小时候不喜欢吃西红柿。
he is not what he used to be.
他已不是原来的他了。
where did you use to live before you came here
来此之前你住在什么地方？
和used to的用法区别。
①used to表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同，强调“现已无此习惯了”，而would只表示过去的情况，与现在无关。
when he was young, he would smoke a lot.
他年轻时总是吸许多烟。（不含有和现在比较，现在他也许还在抽，也许不抽了。）
he used to live in the country, but now he lives in the city. 他过去住在乡下，现在住在城里。
②used to可表示过去的习惯动作或状态，而would只表示过去的习惯动作。
kate used to be very thin.
以前凯特非常瘦。
there used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.
街道拐角处过去有座楼房，现在拆了。（不用would）
③used to可泛指过去的习惯动作或状态，而would表示过去的习惯动作时，往往要带有一个特定的时间状语。
【误】we would play hide-and-seek in the fields.
【正】we used to play hide-and-seek in the fields.
我们过去常在田野里玩捉迷藏。
【正】whenever we were in the country, we would play hide-and-seek in the fields.
每当我们在乡下，我们都在田野里玩捉迷藏。
情态动词 篇7
dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作行为动词，指勇气和胆量上的可能，可译为“敢”。
1.情态动词dare
①dare作为情态动词时主要用于疑问句和否定句，一般不用于肯定句中。
i dare not daren't walk through the forest at night.
我不敢在黑夜穿过森林。
--- dare you walk through the forest at night
你敢在黑夜穿过森林吗？
--- yes, i dare.
是的，我敢。
--- no, i daren't.
不，我不敢。
he dare not drive too fast on the rainy day.
下雨天他不敢开得太快。
he dared not do it last year.
去年他不敢做这事。（dare的过去时为dared）
②可以用于表示怀疑的名词性从句中。
i wonder how he dare say such things.
我真奇怪他怎么竟敢说出这样的话。
we don't know whether he dare climb the mountain.
我们不知道他是否敢爬那座山。
③可以用于条件状语从句中。
if the enemy dare enter the village, we'll fight against them to the end.
如果敌人敢进入村里，我们就和他们战斗到底。
if you dare cheat in your exam, i will give you some punishment.
如果你们敢在考试中作弊，我就惩罚你们。
2.行为动词dare
① dare可
he dared me to jump over the stream.
他激我跳过小溪。
did anyone dare to admit it
有人敢于承认吗？
i have never dared (to) go back to take a look.
我再也不敢返回去看一眼了。（否定句中to可省略）
②和其他行为动词一样，dare在句子中要随着主语的人称和数发生变化。
he doesn't dare to walk at night.
他不敢走夜路。（作行为动词）
he daren't walk at night.
他不敢走夜路。（作情态动词）
does he dare to walk at night
他敢走夜路吗？（作行为动词）
dare he walk at night
他敢走夜路吗？（作情态动词）
he didn't dare to walk at night fifteen years ago.
XX年前他不敢走夜路。（作行为动词）
he daren't walk (=dared not walk) at night fifteen years ago.
XX年前他不敢走夜路。（作情态动词）
will you dare to do the same experiment tomorrow
明天你敢做同样的实验吗？（作行为动词）
dare you do the same experiment tomorrow？
明天你敢做同样的实验吗？ （作情态动词）
必背：
英语口语中dare的几个常用结构：
● i dare say...
我想， 大概， 可能， 或许……
i dare say things will improve.
我想情况会好转的。
● how dare you ...
你怎么敢……？
how dare you ask me such a question
你怎么敢问我这样的问题？
● i dare you ...
我谅你也不敢……
i dare you to tell your parents!
我谅你也不敢告诉你父母！
1.情态动词need
need 和dare一样，作为情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句，一般不用于肯定句中（在肯定句中常被 must, have to, ought to, should等情态动词取代）。作为情态动词，它的词形只有need一种形式。
you needn't return the book now. you can keep it till next week if you like. 你现在不必还书， 如果愿意，你可以下周还。（needn't = don't have to）
need i hand in my homework now
我现在就要交家庭作业吗？
--- need he finish the article next week
他要下个星期完成这篇文章吗？
--- yes, he must.
是的，他必须完成。
--- no, he needn't.
不，他不需要。（= he doesn't have to）
2.行为动词need
need和dare一样，也可以作行为动词，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。行为动词need有人称和数的变化。
plant needs water.
植物需要水。
my shirt needs a button.
我的衬衫需要一枚钮扣。
my car needs repairing.
我的车该修理了。
he has grown up. we don't need to worry about him.
他已经长大了，我们不必为他担心。
you don't need to buy so many things for the pic.
你不必为这次野餐买这么多东西。
patience is needed for that job.
干那工作，需要耐心。
提示：
need作为情态动态时，不要用于肯定句中。
【误】she need do her homework by herself. (need作为情态动词时，不用于肯定句中)
【正】she needs to do her homework by herself.
她该独立完成家庭作业。
情态动词 篇8
导学案4情态动词（ii）
一、ought to 应该，应当 其否定 “ought not to” 或 “oughtn’t to”
(1) 用于第一人称，表有责任或有必要做某事。
we ought to be more careful with our homework.
(2) 用于二、三人称，表建议或劝告。
you ought to follow your teacher’s advice.
she ought not to go alone.
(3) ought to+have done: 本该……
i’m sorry. i ought to have told you this morning.对不起，我本该今天早上告诉你的。
二、have to / don’t have to / mustn’t
(1) have to = have got to 必须，不得不 （有人称和数、时态的变化）
he has to work on the farm all day . 他不得不在农场工作一整天。
（2）don’t have to 不必……
you don’t have to buy a computer.
(3) mustn’t 禁止，不许
you mustn’t sleep in class!
三、need 需要，必要（既可以作情态动词，也可以作实义动词，但用法不同）
（1）作为情态动词，need 通常用于否定句和疑问句
①you needn’t buy the book..
②——need he do his homework first?
——yes ,he must! (no ,he needn’t)
(2) need 作为实义动词时，通常用法是：
sb/sth need to do (表主动) we need to tell him the truth.
sb/sth need doing /to be done（表被动） my car needs repairing./my car needs to be repaird
sb need sth 某人需要…… mary needs your help.
三、情态动词+have done
1. must have done 推测过去“肯定……”
he must have played computer games last night.
2 may / might have done 推测过去“也许……”
he might have known the answer to the question.
3.(1)could have done 用于疑问句时，表示 推测过去“可能……？”
could he have finished the task? 他可能把任务完成了吗？
（2）could have done 用于肯定句时， 表“能够做而没有做”
i could have finished the work on my own. 我本能够独自完成工作。
4. (1)should have done 本应该做而没有做
you should have studied hard.
(2) shouldn’t have done 本不该做而做了
you shouldn’t have told lies.
5. ought to have done: 本该做而没做
6. needn’t have done 本不必…… 本没必要……
you needn’t have told me the news.
情态动词 篇9
情态动词表示说话人对动作或状态的各种观点和态度，如需要、猜测、意愿或怀疑等。情态动词有词义，但不完全，是所谓的“辅助性”动词，在句中不能单独充当谓语。
一、 情态动词的特征和形式
a. 情态动词的各种形式见下表：
情态动词
may
might
can
could
must
have to
ought to
will
would
shall
should
need
dare
used to
否定式
may not
might not
cannotcan not
could not
must not
do not have to
ought not to
will not
would not
shall not
should not
need not
dare not
used not to
did not use to
简略否定式
mayn't（老式英语，现在不常见）
mightn't
can't
couldn't
mustn't
don't have to
oughtn't to （否定句中to可省略）
won't
wouldn't
shan't （只用于英国英语）
shouldn't
needn't
daren't
usedn't to
didn't use to
b.情态动词除ought to, used to等外，后面只接不带to的不定式。
1.情态动词+do
you shouldn't be so careless. 你不该这样粗心大意。
jessica told him yesterday she might not go on the trip.
杰西卡昨天告诉他，她可能不去旅行了。
difficulties can and must be overcome.
困难能够而且必须克服。
2.情态动词+be doing
she must be listening to pop music.
她肯定在听流行音乐。
you should be reviewing your lessons.
你应该在复习功课。
my mother maymight be cooking now.
我妈妈可能正在做饭。
3.情态动词+have done
they might have visited the great wall.
他们可能参观过长城了。
he must have got up very early to catch the train.
他一定起得很早去赶火车了。
you ought to have come earlier.
你本该早一点儿来。
4.情态动词+be done
this word can also be used as a verb.
这个词也可以用作动词。
something must be done to stop pollution.
必须采取措施来制止污染。
the work ought to have been finished long ago.
这工作早就该完成了。
c. 情态动词第三人称单数一般现在时没有词形变化。
you ought to wear a raincoat.
你应该穿件雨衣。
she ought to wear a raincoat.
她应该穿件雨衣。
plants must have oxygen in order to live.
为了存活植物必须有氧气。
a plant must have oxygen in order to live.
为了存活植物必须有氧气。
d. 情态动词的时态并不是区分时间的主要标志。在一些场合中，情态动词的现在式和过去式都可以表示现在时间、过去时间或将来时间。
i'm afraid it might rain tonight.
我看今晚可能要下雨。
could i borrow your thermos
我可以借用你的暖水瓶吗？
it's a nice day today. we could go for a walk.
今天天气不错，我们可以出去散散步。
e. 情态动词是互相排斥的，一般不允许两个意义相近的情态动词连用。
【误】soldiers must have to obey orders.
【正】soldiers have to obey orders.
军人必须服从命令。
【正】soldiers must obey orders.
军人必须服从命令。
【误】can i be able to borrow two books at a time
【正】can i borrow two books at a time
我能一次借两本书吗？
【正】will i be able to borrow two books at a time
我能一次借两本书吗？
情态动词 篇10
英语词法专题讲座十：情态动词
一。情态动词的用法
1. can 用法
1）表示能力，与be able to同义，但can只用于现在时和过去时，be able to可用于各种时态。
two eyes can see more than one.
注：can you … ? yes, i can / no, i can’t.
2). 表示允许、请求
用could比can 语气更加委婉客气，常用于could i /you …..? 句型中，若表示同意时，用can回答而不用could.
could i borrow the book ? no, you can’t.
3). 表示推测 “可能”常用于否定句或疑问句中。（can’t表示一定不是）
it can’t be true.
can it be true?
2. may 用法
1）表允许，请求= can
表示许可或征求对方的许可，常于第一人称连用。
注：may i ….? yes, you may. no, you can’t / mustn’t.
在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如yes, please. / certainly.
2）表推测，可能、也许。常用于肯定句中。
maybe he knows the news. =
he _____ _____ the news.
3. must
1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。
we must do everything step by step.
注：must i ….? yes, you must / no, you needn’t (don’t have to ).
--must we hand in our exercise—books now?
--no, you needn’t. / no, you don’t have to.
2）mustn’t 表禁止、不允许。
you mustn’t talk to her like that.
3）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中must改为can.
he must be ill. he looks so pale.
she’s wearing a diamond necklace. she must have a lot of money.
注：must表推测时，其反义疑问句与must后面的动词一致。
there must be something wrong, ____ ____?
4. need的用法
need既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要否定句或疑问句中。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。
1). 用作情态动词，用于否定句和疑问句中。
a). need i ….? yes, you must / no, you needn’t .
need we finish the work today ? yes you __?
a. need b. can c. may d. must
b). need + do sth . 变否定句：needn’t do sth
变疑问句：need sb do sth ?
2). 用作实义动词
a). need + to do sth . we need _______(buy) some school things .
变否定句：don’t /doesn’t /didn’t +need to do sth .
变疑问句：do / does /did sb + need to sth ?
yes , … do/ does / did no, sb don’t / doesn’t /didn’t.
you don’t need to do it yourself.
b). 当主语是物时。sth + need + doing sth = sth +need to be done .
the table needs painting. =the table needs _____ _____ _____ .
5. had better 的用法
1). had better + 动词原形 = it’s best to do sth.
you had better ______ (stay )at home. = _____ ______ ______ stay at home.
2). had better not +动词原形
we had better ________(not play ) the computer games.
6. must 与have to
1). 一般情况下，两者可互换。 must = have to
2). must “必须，应该”表示说话人的主观看法，即说话
（内在原因）
have to “必须，不得不”强调客观需要，即外界因素迫使某人不得不干某事。（外界原因）
i can’t stop playing the computer games. for your health, i’m afraid you ______.
a. can b. may c. must d. had to
二。情态动词后跟完成式和进行式的用法
1. 情态动词后跟完成式，表“原本应该干某事，而实际上没干”
i should have finished the work earlier.
he isn’t here. he must have missed the train.
2. 情态动词后跟进行式，表示“想必正在……”，“可能正在……”，“应当正在”等意。
it’s twelve o’clock. they must be having lunch.
they may be discussing this problem.
he can’t be telling the truth.
she shouldn’t be working like that. she’s still so weak.
三。情态动词的同义转换。
1. can = be able to
2. must = have to
3. needn’t = don’t have to
4. need do sth = need to do sth .
情态动词 篇11
XX年《高考风向标》•英语
目 录
第一部分 教材梳理
必修一
unit 1 friendship
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测
unit 2 english around the world
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测
unit 3 travel journal
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测
unit 4 earthquakes
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测
unit 5 nelson mandela—a modern hero
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测
必修二
unit 1 cultural relics
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测
unit 2 the olympic games
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测
unit 3 computers
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测
unit 4 wildlife protection
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测
unit 5 music
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测
必修三
unit 1 festivals around the world
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测
unit 2 healthy eating
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测
unit 3 the million pound bank note
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测
……
第二部分 语法专题
专题一 冠词
专题二 名词
专题三 代词
专题四 数词
专题五 形容词和副词
专题六 介词
专题七 情态动词
专题八 非谓语动词
专题九 动词和动词短语
专题十 动词的时态
专题十一 动词的语态
专题十二 句子种类
专题十三 名词性从句
专题十四 定语从句
专题十五 状语从句
专题十六 倒装句和省略句
专题十七 强调句
专题十八 虚拟语气
专题十九 主谓一致
专题二十 直接引语和间接引语
第三部分 高考题型讲练
听力
完形填空
语法填空
阅读理解
信息匹配
基础写作
读写任务
第二部分 语法专题
版权所有：
专题七 情态动词
i、重点难点解析
情态动词的高考命题导向：情态动词表示说话者的情感和态度，有一定的含义，但是不能单独做谓语，必须与其他动词连用。注意区别具有相同功能的，意思相近的情态动词的用法。
一 情态动词基本用法一览表
情态动词 用法 例句 注意事项
can
could 1表许可(和may可互换)、能力
2表怀疑、猜测、可能性（用于否定和疑问句中）
3 could可表比can更委婉的语气及用于虚拟语气。 1you can/may sit here./he can swim.
2 he can’t be sixty.
3 could you come again tomorrow?
can和be able to都可表能力，但be able to可表达“某事终于成功”，有更多的时态。
may
might 1表可以（问句中表请求，might更婉转）
2表可能，或许（might语气更加不肯定）
3表祝愿（用于倒装句中） 1 may/might i use your bike?
2 he may/might be at home.
3 may you succeed! 1回答may…do…?的否定用 mustn’t/can’t
2回答may/might…
do…?的否定用 can’t/might not
must 1表必须，应该（表主观要求）
2表推测（用于肯定句），译为“准是，一定” 1 you must study hard.
2 she must be tired. 否定式mustn’t表不准，禁止；否定回答用needn’t/don’t/doesn’t have to(不必)
have to 只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态人称变化） without help, i had to do it myself. must表主观意识。have to有多种时态。
ought to 应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用should you ought to obey laws. 否定用oughtn’t 疑问句用ought…to do…?
shall 1用于一三人称的疑问句，表征询意见
2用于二三人称， 表示许诺、命令、警告等 1 shall we go now?
2 the sign there reads, “no person shall smoke here.”
should 1表建议或劝告，译为“应该”
2本该（含有责备意味） 1 you should learn from each other.
2 you should have given him help.
will
would 1表意志或决心
2疑问句中用于第二人称表请求，would比较委婉 1 he promised he would never smoke again.
2 will/would you like some tea? would表示过去的习惯或喜好，不涉及现在； used to表示过去常常做现在已经不再有的习惯。
dare 敢（常用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中） he dare not/daren’t sleep alone.
dare you touch it? 过去式dared；可作实义动词
need 需要，必须（常用于否定句和疑问句中） you needn’t do the work now. need…do…?的肯定回答：yes,…must. 可作实义动词
used to 过去常常（现在已不再） he used to play football. 否定式usedn’t/usen’t to do/didn’t use to do; 疑问used…to…do…?did…use to do…?
二 “情态动词+不定式进行式”和“情态动词+不定式完成式”用法一览表
句式 说明 例句
can +不定式进行式
can +不定式完成式 表示“可能”，用于否定句和疑问句（could 也可能有此用法，只是语气更委婉） he can’t be telling lies.
他不可能在说谎。
he can’t have told lies.
他不可能说过谎话。
could+不定式完成式 指过去没实现的动作，表“本来可以” it’s too late. you could have told him earlier.你本来能早点告诉他的。
may+不定式进行式
may+不定式完成式 表示“可能，也许”，用于肯定句 he may be doing homework.
他也许在做作业。
he may have missed the train.
他可能错过了火车。
must+不定式进行式 肯定句表示“一定在干某事”
the light is on. he must be working.
灯亮着，他一定在工作。
must+不定式完成式 用于肯定句，表示“准是干了某事” he is sad. he must have failed the exam.他准是考试不及格。
needn’t+不定式完成式 “本来不必做”，只用于否定句 you needn’t have lent the book to him. he bought it already.
你本来不必把这本书借给她，他已经买了一本。
should/ought to+不定式完成式 肯定句表示“本应该做而实际没做”；
否定句表示“不应该做而实际却做了” i should have bought it.
我应该把它买下来的。
you shouldn’t have scolded him.
你不应该这样粗心大意。
ii、实战演练
填入情态动词的恰当形式或根据括号所提供的词填入情态动词恰当的结构。
1. i should have been there, but i ____________ find the time.
2. helen _______ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.
3. tom, you ___________ not leave all your clothes on the floor like this!
4. you can’t imagine that a well behaved gentleman _____________ be so rude to a lady.
5. it has been announced that candidates_____________ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
6. ---lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
---she ____________. i’ve already borrowed one.
7. john, look at the time. _______________ you play the piano at such a late hour?
8. ---__________ this book be yours?
---no, it ____________ not be mine. it ___________ be his.
9. as a girl, she ____________ get up at six every day.
10. __________ he to clean the classroom after school?
11. you ____________ be tired after the long trip, aren’t you?
12. ---what’s the name?
---khulaifi. __________ i spell that for you?
13. you _____________________ (see) the film, haven’t you?
14. you _____________________ (talk) on the phone at that time, for i couldn’t get through.
15. they _____________________ (miss) the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reason.
16. ______________ you pass the college entrance examinations!
17. he had known the matter before you told him, so you _____________________ (not tell) it to him.
18. i did not call to make any airline reservation but i ________________.
19. the light is out. they _______________________ (not work) now.
20. ---my cat is really fat.
---you _____________________ (not give) her so much food.
答案：1. couldn’t 2. may 3. mustn’t 4. should 5. shall 6. needn’t
7. must 8. can; can’t; must 9. would 10. ought 11. must 12. shall have seen
14. must be talking 15. might/might have missed 16. may 17. needn’t have told
18. should have 19. can’t be working 20. shouldn’t have given
情态动词 篇12
（原创精品）XX年普通高考英语科语法知识网络
专题08 情态动词和虚拟语气i.情态动词基本用法
情态动词
用 法
否定式
疑问式
简答式
can能力（体力，智力，技能）允许或许可（口语中常用）可能性（表猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中）can not / cannot /can’t docan…do…?yes,…,…can’t.
couldcouldn’t do
may可以（问句中表示请求）可能，或许（表推测）祝愿（用于倒装句中）may not do may…do…?
yes,…may. no,…mustn’t/can’t.
mightmight not domight…do…?yes,…mightno,…might not.
must必须，应该（表主观要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测）must not/mustn’t domust…do…? ,…,…needn’t/don’t have
have to只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态和人称的变化）don’t have to dodo…have to do…?yes,…do. no,…don’t.
ought to应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用should）ought not to/oughtn’t to doought…to do…?yes,…ought. no,…oughtn’t.
shall用于一三人称征求对方意见用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等shall not/shan’t doshall…do…?yes,…shall. no,…shan’t.
should应当，应该（表义务责任）本该（含有责备意味）should not/shouldn’t doshould…do…?
will意愿，决心请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉will not/won’t dowill/would…do…?yes,…will. no,…won’t.
wouldwould not/wouldn’t do
dare敢（常用于否定句和疑问句中）dare not/daren’t dodare…do…?yes,…,…daren’t.
need需要，必须（常用于否定句和疑问句中）need not/needn’t doneed…do…?yes,…must. no,…needn’t.
used to过去常常（现在已不再）used not/usedn’t/usen’t to dodidn’t use to doused…to do…?did…use to do…?yes,…used. no,…use(d)n’t. yes,…did. no,…didn’情态动词的重点知识表示“能力、许可”的can和may表示能力的情态动词用can/coulda computer_____think for itself; it must be told what to ’t ’t not not表示许可时用may/might ,can/could 都可以，但在问句中用could…?或might…？ 以使口气委婉客气，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口气明确（must表示一定，必须，mustn’t表示禁止，不许可）。①—could i call you by your first name? —yes, you______ ②johnny, you_____play with the knife, you_____hurt ’t/can’t ’t/may ’t/must ’t/shouldn’t在肯定句中could不可以用来表示过去某一特定场合的能力，而要用was/were able to。the fire spread through the hotel very quickly buteveryone_____get to able to表示“推断、判断”的canmay,must在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上must语气最肯定，may表示的是事实上的可能性。peter______come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure 而can表示的是逻辑上的可能性：mary is in poor health. she can be ill at any times.在否定句中只能用can和may。所以can’t时用以代替mustn’t，语气比may更肯定。中文可以� michael______be a policeman, for he’s much too ’t ’t 在疑问句只能用can，不能用may和must。he may be very busy now. can he be very busy now?he must be very busy now. can he be very busy now?
needneed作为情态动词只有一种形式，只用于否定句和疑问句。
daredare作为情态动词用时有两种形式：dare和dared两个词形，除了可以用于否定句和疑问句外，还可以用于条件从句或表示怀疑的句子中。if he dare come,i will kick him out. i don’t know whether hedare say.注意：he doesn’t dare(to)answer the question.（否定句）does she dare(to)enter the dark room?（疑问句）shall用于第一人称：征求对方的意见。what shall we do this evening?用于第二、三人称：警告、命令、允诺、威胁等。you shall fail if you don’t work harder. 警告he shall have the book when i finish reading.允诺he shall be punished.威胁
should劝告、建议、命令、应该做、道义上的责任。you should(ought to) go to class right away. i should(ought to) help him because he is in trouble.
will/would请求、建议，would比will委婉客气。would you pass me the book?表示意志、愿望和决心。i will never do that again. they asked us if we would do that againwould可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。during the vacation he would visit me every weekthe wound would not heal.（伤口老是不能愈合）would表示估计或猜想。it would be about ten when he left home. what would she be doing there?情态动词+have done的用法could+have done：本可以做而实际上未能做。you could have done better, but you didn’t try your + have done：表示对现在或过� he cannot have been to that +主语+ have done：表示对过� can he have got the book?might(may)+ have done：对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测。he may not have finished the we had taken the other road, we might have arrived + have done：对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。其否定式为：cannot have done。you must have seen the cannot have seen the ’t+ have done：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了。you needn’t have watered the flowers,for it is going to rain.注意：didn’t need to(have to)do：没有必要做而实际上也没有做i didn’t need to clean the sister did it 2 hours (ought to)+ have done：本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。you should have started earlier, but you didn’ shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape,for i worked to use it.注意：he should have finished the work by now.（表推测）
虚拟语气
类 别
用 法
例 句
if引导的
条件从句与现在事实相反从句动词：过去式（be用were）主句动词：should/would/could/might+doif he were here, he would help us.与过去事实相反从句动词：had+done主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+doneif i had been free,i would have visited you.与将来事实相反从句动词：过去式/should+动词原形/were+to do主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形if it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.
省略if的虚拟条件句将虚拟条件从句中的were，had,should放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装①should he come ,tell him to ring me up.②were i you,i would not do it.③had i been free,i would have visited you.
混合虚拟条件句
不同时间的虚拟：各遵守各的规则①if he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.②if he had told me yesterday,i should know what to do now.③if i were you, i would have gone to her birthday party.
虚拟与陈述的混合：各遵守各的规则①he could have passed the exam,but he wasn’t careful enough. ②you should have come bus left a moment ago.
含蓄虚拟
条件句
but for+名词表示虚拟条件句子或主句中的谓语动词的形式视具体情况而定。这是考查考生应变能力的最佳试题。---but for your timely warning,we ______ into great trouble.---you know we’re would get b. must have got c. would have got d. can’t have got
without+名词表示虚拟条件without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold.
动词不定式表示虚拟条件it would be only partly right to follow in this way.
如果用这种方式，仅仅对了一半。
现在分词表示虚拟条件having known in time ,we might have prevented the accident.要是及时得知的话，我们也许能阻止这场事故。
过去分词表示虚拟条件given more attention, the tree could have grown better.
如果多留心的话，这树本来可以长的更好。
副词otherwise表示虚拟条件i was too busy at that ,i would have called you.我当时太忙，否则我就给你打电话了。
连词but连接的句子表示虚拟条件he _____fatter but he eats too little .a. would become b. would have become c. must become d. must have become
其它
状语从句as if/as though引导的状语从句中动词用did或had＋done或would/could/might＋do。注意：as if/as though引导的状语从句中也可以用陈述语气：当说话者认为所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时：it sounds as if it is raining.听起来像是在下雨。
he talks as if he is drunk.从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。①与现在事实相反he talks as if he knew where she was.②与过去事实相反he talks about rome as if he had been there before.③与将来事实相反he opened his mouth as if he would say order that/so that引导的状语从句中动词用can/could/may/ might/ would等+doturn on the light so that we can see it clearly.
宾语从句demand, suggest, order, insist后接的从句中动词为should+dohe suggested that we not change our 后的从句中分别用过去式，过去完成式和should/would+do表示与现在，过去和将来情况相反i wish i could be a pop wish i would have gone to shanghai last month.
主语从句在it is necessary / important / strange that…it is suggested / demanded/ ordered / requested that…等从句中，谓语动词用should+doit is strange that such a person should be our friends.
其它
句型中it is time that…句型中动词用过去式或should+doit’s high time that we left/should rather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式i would rather you stayed at home only句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望if only our dream had come true!
情态动词 篇13
九年级教学案
课题m5u3 语法复习 情态动词课型 复习课
教学
目标归纳语法情态动词 巩固练习 情态动词
重点巩固练习 情态动词
难点归纳语法情态动词
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情态动词
情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。
1. can, could
1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。 例如：can you lift this heavy box?（体力） mary can speak three languages.（知识） can you skate?（技能） 此时可用be able to代替。can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。
例如： i’ll not be able to come this afternoon. （一般将来时）当表示“经过努力才得以 做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用can。如： he was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.
2) 表示请求和允许。
例如：-----can i go now? ---yes, you can. / no, you can’t. 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，但could, might 并不表示过去式，只是语气更委婉。它们不能用于肯定句和答语中。
例如：--- could i come to see you tomorrow? -- yes, you can. (no, i’m afraid not.) 3) 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。例如： they’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. this hall can hold 500 people at least.
4) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
can this be true? this can’t be done by him. how can this be true?
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2. may, might
1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t 或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。 例如：
----might/ may i smoke in this room? --- no, you mustn’t.
---- may/might i take this book out of the room?
--- yes, you can. (no, you can’t / mustn’t. ) 用may i...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用can i...？在口语中更常见。
2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 例如：may you succeed!
3) 表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。 例如：he may /might be very busy now.
your mother may /might not know the truth.
3. must, have to
1) 表示必须、必要。例如： you must come in time.
在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不准），而用needn’t, don’t have to（不必）。
例如： -- must we hand in our exercise books today? --- yes, you must. --- no, you don’t have to / you needn’t.
2) must是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时，have to 有更多的时态形式。
例如：his play isn’t interesting, i really must go now. i had to work when i was your age.
3) 表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）例如： you’re tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best. your mother must be waiting for you now.
4. dare, need
1) dare作情态动词用时， 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中， 过去式形式为dared。例如： how dare you say i’m unfair?
2) need 作情态动词用时， 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。
例如：you needn’t come so early. ---- need i finish the work today? --- yes, you must. / no, you needn’t.
3) dare和 need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
例如：i dare to swim across this river. he doesn’t dare (to) answer.
5. shall, should 1) shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。 例如：what shall we do this evening? 2) shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 you shall fail if you don’t work hard. (警告) he shall have the book when i finish it.(允诺) he shall be punished.(威胁 )
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6. will, would
1) 表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。
例如： will / would you pa ss me the ball, please?
2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。例如： i will never do that again. they asked him if he would go abroad.
3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
例如： during the vacation, he would visit me every other day. the wound would not heal.
7. sho uld, ought to
1) should, ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比s hould语气重。
i should help her because she is in trouble. you ought to take care of the baby.
2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。
you should / ought to go to class right away.
should i open the window?
3) 表示推测
should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。
he must be home by now. (断定他已到家)
he ought to/should be hom e by now.(不太肯定)
this is where the oil must be. (直爽)
this is where the oil ought to/should be. (含蓄)
一，选用can, could, may, must, shall, should, will, would, can’t, mustn’t, needn’t或have to
1. there is air around us, thought we ________ see it.
2. your mother is getting better and better. you _______ worry about her.
3. you _______ play football in the busy street.
4. “_______ it be true ?.” “yes. it _______ be true indeed.”
5. tom _______ come to the party tonight, but i’m not sure.
6. _______ you please fetch me some water for me?
7. young trees ________ be planted in spring.
8. “must we hand in our exercise books today?”
“yes, you ______.” “no, you ________.”
9. “may i take this magazine out of the reading-room?”
“yes, you _______.” “no, you _______.”
10. please speak a little louder so that i _______ hear you.
二1. if you are not careful in the street, a car ______ hit you.
a. can b. may c. would d. must
2. –may i watch tv now, mum?
-no, you _____. you _____ do your homework first.
a. don’t; must b. don’t; can’t c. can’t; must d. can’t; can
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︶3. –mr. john, we must hand in our work today, ______?
-no, you ______. but you must bring it to school tomorrow.
a. needn’t we; mustn’t b. mustn’t we; needn’t
c. mustn’t you; mustn’t d. needn’t we; needn’t
4. he isn’t in the school. i think he ______ be ill. a. can b. shall c. must
5. children ______ play on the road or in the street. it is dangerous.
a. may not b. mustn’t c. couldn’t d. needn’t
6. even the top students in our class can’t work out this problem, so it _____be very difficult. a. may b. must c. can d. need
7. –can you ride a bike? -no, i _____.
a. may not b. can’t c. needn’t d. mustn’t
8. –must i return the book this morning?
-no, you _____. but you ______ return it before supper.
a. needn’t; must b. mustn’t; can c. mustn’t; may d. can’t; need
9. you ____ to go and see the doctor right now.
a. must b. should c. have d. will
10. don’t play with the knife. you ______ hurt yourself.
a. may b. should c. have to d. need
三，1. what _____ i do for you, madam?
a. may b. must c. can d. will
2. you’re made the same mistake again. how _____ you be so careless!
a. shall b. may c. can d. must
3. peter _____ come with us this afternoon, but he isn’t very sure yet.
a. shall b. may c. can d. must
4. don’t worry! the news _____ be true.
a. may not b. mustn’t c. will not d. needn’t
5. the traffic _____ stop when the lights are red in the street.
a. can’t b. don’t have to c. mustn’t d. must
6. –look! it _____ be the new headmaster.
-it _____ be him. he went to beijing yesterday.
a. can; mustn’t b. can; can’t c. must; can’t d. must; may
7. ______ i close the window? it’s so cold here.
a. must b. will c. need d. shall
___ return the bike now. you can keep it till tomorrow if you like.
a. can’t b. mustn’t c. needn’t d. may not
_____ yourself about money. a. needn’t worry b. needn’t to worry c. don’t need worry d. needn’t be worry
people want to see you. _____ they wait here or outside?
a. do b. will c. need d. shall
11.____ i ask your name, please? a. will b. shall c. may d. must
_____ do it even if you don’t want to.
a. can’t b. mustn’t c. have to d. needn’t
_____ like someone to take me to the museum.
a. will b. would c. shall d. need
, what you have done! you _____ more careful.
a. may be b. had to c. should be d. should感悟反思：
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