2023年新托福写作评分标准介绍汇聚
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新托福写作评分标准介绍篇1
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首先,summarize,也就是概括阅读和听力文章的主要内容和各三个分论点。这其实就是introduction要写的内容,掌握了概括,第一段就不成问题咯!
其次,paraphrase,也就是改写。掌握好了改写句子,你写起文章来将会感觉到如鱼得水,游刃有余。 改写其实主要有下面的两种方法:
a.使用同义词,比如以下的一些写作高频词汇的同义词,你一定要掌握,出现的尤为频繁。
important→essential, crucial, vital, significant
think→claim, believe, consider, deem, figureout
nowadays→currently, at present, now, recently, in recent years, these days
b.改变词性,这是一种稍微难一些的方法,要求你的语法基础非常好,你才能灵活自如的运用。
n. → v.
eg:when we look at a comparison
between a and b…
when we compare a and b…
adj. → n.
there are a variety of solutions
to the problem.
there are various solutions to the problem.
c. 使用不同的承接词。承接词在文章当中的使用相当频繁,不仅是段落和段落的连接,还包括句子和句子的连接。背住一些常用的承接词比你的改写将会有极大的作用。
because of → due to, owing to, because, as, since, for
but → however, nevertheless, nonetheless, whereas
so → therefore, hence, thus, consequently
d.形容词的逆向表达。在某些形容词上进行修改,会达到非比寻常的效果。
eg: not as easy as…→more difficult than…
not uncommon→common
the cheapest → the least expensive
a. 改变词序。这是非常简单的一种方法,完全不用动脑筋就可以进行改写。常常将句子中的状语(包括状语从句)换位置。
eg: for many years, people have believed ….
→people believed… for many years.
after this program has been solved, work on … can continue.
b. 主动语态和被动语态的互相替换
eg: trained scientists performed this research.
→this research was performed by trained scientists.
c. 使用“there be” 句型,可以将一个简单句,马上变成一个加入定语从句或者分词的复杂句。
eg: several computer programs can be used to solve this problem.
→there are several computer programs that can be used to solve this problem.
或there are several computer programs used to solve this problem.
d. 定语从句,分词和插入语的互相替换
eg: study…, conducted
by sociologists in 2004, shows that…
→study…, which was conducted by sociologists in 2004, shows that…
eg: this…, which is one of the most powerful … in the world, has…
→this…, one of the most powerful… in the world, has…
接下来,cite,即引用。托福综合写作乃客观写作,只是一个旁观者的.角度对这两篇文章的内容进行描述,因此,某观点是出自哪篇文章一定要说清楚。所以,下面的这些句型在综合写作中必不可缺。
ing to+noun.
eg: according to the passage/lecture/author/professor,…
t+verbs of reporting +that clause
eg: the author tells/reports/suggests/explains/says/argues/states/indicates/claims/points out/thinks/believes that…
或the speaker agrees/disagrees/rejects/disputes/challenges/takes a different view….
c. as is indicated/displayed/illustrated in the passage/lecture,...
最后,synthesize,也就是连接。具体来讲,就是承接词的使用是相当重要的,将文章当中的重要信息连接起来,体现作者对于两篇文章的理解正确,说明作者的思路清楚。由于综合写作是对两篇文章的比较,所以下面表对比和递进的承接词使用的最频繁。
tional words showing contrast: however, on the other hand, in contrast, on the contrary
tional words showing addition: moreover, furthermore, in addition, beside, as well
其实托福综合写作的练习,只要掌握四个关键词,并坚持练习、修改,相信肯定会有提升。
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