初中生简单英语语法学习-according to的用法与语法特点（精编4篇）
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2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试1
英语
本试卷共10页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹例笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型（A）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。因笔试不考听力，选择题从第二部分的“阅读”开始，试题序号从“21”开始。
2、作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B船笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用像皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。
3、非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上：如而改动，先则掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4、考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题：每小题分，满分分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature
GradingScale
90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.
Essays（60%）
Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%；Essay2-15%；Essay3=15%；Essay4=20%。
GroupAssignments（30%）
Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments（作业）ard,ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.
DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTest/GroupWork/Homework（10%）
nClassactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytocompleteshortin-classwritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass’lecture/discussion,,fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobecompletedinclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedathome,bothofwhichwillbegraded.
LateWork
Anessaynotsubmittedin,
21、 Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?
22、 Howmanypartsisastudent’sfinalgrademadeupof?
23、 Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?
B
Likemostofus,（芝麻菜）wastomakeanicegreensalad,,,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.
Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,“foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,”asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth’’sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway-from“ugly”(butquiteeatable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.
Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,,Roytewrites,“iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.”
Ifthat’shardtounderstand,let’,it’，,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished（有瑕疵的）?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.
Suchmethodsseemobvious,yersooftenwejustdon’tthink.“Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon’teat.”Curtinsays.
24、 Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?
25、 Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetext?
26、 WhatdoesCurtin’scompanydo?
27、 WhatdoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?
C
Theelderlyresidents（居民）incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.
Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善组织）toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’,nsareinuse.
:“IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.
“hereagainatnighttoseethey’vegonetobed.
“It’’menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.”
Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.
WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“ehere.”
LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“ativeactivities.”
28、 Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?
’swelfare.29、 HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?
30、 Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?
31、 Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?
D
Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon“m”and“a”?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.
Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”，weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsoánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.
Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned（对齐）， makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure（结构），makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.
Theteamshowedthatthischangeinbite’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.
AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f” and“v” eopletoday.
Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.“Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthings likebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,” saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.
32、 WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamián Blasi’sresearchfocuson?
33、 Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?
34、 Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?
35、 WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?
第二节（共5小题：每小题分。满分分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled“FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkoutPartner.”Onereasonwas:“You’llactuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthegym,”whileanotherread:“ 36 ”Withaworkoutpartner,youwillincreaseyourtrainingeffortasthereisasubtle（微妙）competition.
So,howdoyoufindaworkoutpartner?
Firstofall,decidewhatyouwantfromthatperson. 37 Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit,abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility?Thinkabouttheexercisesyouwouldliketodowithyourworkoutpartner.
Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyouarelookingforonsocialmedia,butitprobablywon’tresultinausefulresponse. 38 Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym,thatpersonmustbelongtothesamegym.
,howmanydaysaweekandhowmanyhoursshewantedtospendoneachsession,,andprovidedherphonenumber. 39
Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferentskills. 40 Overtime,bothofyouwillbenefit-yourpart（核心）ofyourrelationshipisthatyouwillalwaysbetheretohelpeachother.
'llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.
?
"seekingtrainingpartner"notice?
第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Myhusband,ourchildrenandIhavehadwonderfulcampingexperiencesoverthepasttenyears.
Someofour 41 arefunny,especiallyfromtheearlyyear,we 42 43 thatour15-month-oldboywouldfallintothecreek（小溪）。 44 ， 45 tyinghimup, 46 -hedidn’,however,did.
Anothertime, 47 ，butstormsmoveinfastinthemountains,andthisonequickly 48 50 51 。 52 ，afishermanpulledup,threwusaropeandtowed(拖) 53 。
Now,everyyearwhenmyhusbandpullsourcamperoutofthegarage,wearefilledwithasenseof 54 ，wonderingwhatcampingfunand 55 wewillexperiencenext.
第二节（共10小题；每小题分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
TheChinesegovernmentrecentlyfinalizedaplantosetupaGiantPandaNationalPark(GPNP)。 56 (cover)anareaabout threetimes 57 sizeofYellowstoneNationalPart, 58 (be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthority 59 (increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.
Afterathree-yearpilotperiod, 60 (design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof"protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity（完整性）ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones, 61 leavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets（资产）forfuturegenerations"。TheGPNP'smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate 62 (population)andhomesofgiantpandas,and 63 (eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.
Giantpandasalsoserve 64 anumbrellaspecies（物种），bringingprotectiontoahos 65 livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.
第四部分写作（共两节、满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是校广播站英语节目“TalkandTalk”的负责人李华，请给外教Caroline写邮件邀请她做一次访谈。内容包括：
1、节目介绍；
2、访谈的时间和话题。
注意：
1、写作词数应为80左右；
2、请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
DearCaroline,
Yourssincerely,
LiHua
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成1篇完整的短文。
werewarmingupandwalkingtheroute（路线）throughthickevergreenforest.
IlookedaroundandfinallyspottedDavid,'
Whatwaswrong?Hehadworkedsohardforthisevent!
Iquicklysearchedthecrowdfortheschool'scoachandaskedhimwhathadhappened."Iwasafraidthatkidsfromotherschoolswouldlaughathim,"heexplaineduncomfortably."Igavehimthechoicetorunornot,andlethimdecide."
Ibitbackmyfrustration（懊恼）。,Iturnedtofindhimcomingtowardsme,hissmallbodyrockingfromsidetosideasheswunghisfeetforward.
Davidhadabraindiseasewhichpreventedhimfromwalkingorrunninglikeotherchildren,',andalthoughhealwaysfinishedhisrunlongaftertheotherchildren,,Iwasfamiliarwiththechallengesthechallengesproudofhisstrongdetermination.
注意：
1、续写词数应为150左右；
2、请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Wesatdownnexttoeachother,butDavidwouldn'tlookatme.
IwatchedasDavidmoveduptothestartinglinewiththeotherrunners.
参考答案2
第一部分 阅读理解 （共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题分，满分分）
21 ~ 23 CBA 24 ~ 27 BBDA 28 ~ 31 DBCA 32 ~ 35 DCAC
第二节 （共5小题；每小题分，满分分）
36 ~ 40 CDBGF
第二部分 语言运用 （共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
41 ~ 45 CADCB 46 ~ 50 ADBAC 51 ~ 55 ADCDB
第二节 （共10小题；每小题分，满分15分）
56、 Covering
57、 the
58、 were
59、 to increase
60、 is designed
61、 and
62、 populations
63、 eventually
64、 as
65、 that
第三部分 写作 （共两节，满分40分）
according as，according to3
这两个词组虽然相似，但它们的结构和使用场合并不相同，『相似词语辨析2according as和according to』。according to表示“根据”、“按照”；而according as表示“视乎”，有depending及according to whether的'意味。
According as是连词词组，其后接从句；according to 是介词短语，其后接名词。例：
The thermometer rises or falls according to the high or low temperature．
寒暑表根据气温的高低而升降。
They will be praised or blamed according as their work is good or bad．
给他们的赏罚将视乎他们工作的好坏来决定。
应当在此指出，在现代英语中，according as的句型结构已很少有人使用，正如 Bergen Evans和 Cornelia Evans在A Dictionary of Contemporary American Usage 中指出的那样：“This construction is not often heard today”。
下面是according to的例句：
According to the weather report，we shall have cold weather next week．
根据天气报告，下星期天气将要转冷，专业词汇《『相似词语辨析2according as和according to』》。
You should act according to circumstances．你们要随机应变。
According to有个同义短语，即 in accordance with，但它们的涵义有细微的区别，前者强调“根据…所言”，后者则强调“与…要一致”。另外 in accordance with多用于正式场合，例如表示与一些原则、规律一致。例：
According to police report，five luxury cars were stolen in Kowloon yesterday．
根据警方报告，昨天在九龙有五辆豪华汽车失窃。
We must proceed in accordance with the rules．
我们必须按照规章办事。
That sentence is not in accordance with the rules of grammar．
那个句子不符合语法规则。
请注意，in accordance with 既可引导 adverbial phrase，又可引导adjectival phrase作verb“to be”的补语（见上面 in accordance with的第一和第二个例句）；according to则不能。例如，我们不能说：
The news is according to Hong Kong's broadcasting station．（错）
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