虚拟语气课件精编5篇

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关于虚拟语气1

1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we __________all right.

A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be

2. ________more careful, his ship would not have sunk.

A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been

C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been

3. If he _________ me tomorrow, I would let him know.

A. should call B. should not have been able

C. were not able D. are not able

4. If you asked your father, you ______________ permission.

A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get

5. _____________today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving

C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves

6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party.

A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were

millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, __________all practical value by the time they were finished.

A. could lose B. would have lost

C. might lose D. ought to have lost

8. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ____________our chairman now.

A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be

9. If you ________________Jerry Brown until recently, you’d think the photograph on the right was strange.

A. shouldn’t contact B. didn’t contact

C. weren’t to contact D. hadn’t contacted

10. ____________he English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday

A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for

11. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____________your advice

A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed

12. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ____________our chairman now.

A. must have been B. would have been

C. were D. hadn’t contacted

13. If the horse won today, it _____________ thirty races in five years.

A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won

14. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _______a sudden loud noise.

A. being there B. should there be

C. there was D. there having been

17. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital, had it been at all possible, but I ______ fully occupied the whole of last week.

A. were B. had been C. have been D. was

18. I apologize if I __________ you, but I assure you it was unintentional(无意的)l.

A. offend B. had offended

C. should have offended D. might have offended

19. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d______________ there by now.

A. be B. circles C. is circling D. be circling

20. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun ________round the earth.

A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling

21. I wish that I _______________ with you last night.

A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have gone

22. I wish I ___________ with her.

A. would be B. am C. was D. were

23. I wish that I_____________ the concert last night.

A. could B. have attended C. could have attended D. attended

24. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_______________ to it.

A. had not gone B. have not gone

C. did not go D. can not have gone

25. “I wish you___________ me to put these things away,” he said.

A. will help B. help C. are helping D. would help

26. If the Watergate Incident_____________ Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.

A. did not occur B. had not occurred C. was not occurring D. be circling

27. I hadn’t expected ________James to apologize but I had hoped .

A. him calling me B. that he would call me

C. him to call me D. that he call me

would certainly have attended the meeting, ____________________ .

A. if he didn’t get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadn’t happened

C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself

29. The teacher suggested that her students _____________ experiences with ESP.

A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about the

C. wrote some compositions of his or her D. had written any compositions for his

30. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______________a Chinese.

A. were B. had been C. is D. has been

31. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip____ a great success.

A. had been B. has been C. were D. was

32. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______________ away for ages.

A. has been B. was C. is D. had been

33. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he ______as elephant.

A. lifts B. is lifting C. lifted D. could lift

34. He described the town as if he_____________ it himself.

A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. sees

35. At that thought he shook himself, as though he _____________from an evil dream.

A. woke B. wakes C. would wake D. had woke

36. Most insurance agents would rather you ___________ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.

A. do B. don’t C. didn’t D. didn’t do

37. Although most adopted persons want the right to know who ______________their natural parents are, some who have found them wish that they the experience of meeting.

A. hadn’t B. didn’t have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have

38. It is important that the TOEFL office ________ your registration.

A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm

electronic computers, much of today’s ___________advanced technology .

A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved

C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved

40. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ____________a Chinese.

A. were B. had been C. is D. has been 41. It is time that the government ______________measures to protect the rare birds and animals.

A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking

42. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant ___all diplomas from elementary school to university.

A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have

43. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _____ to the meeting.

A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come

44. I must say he reads very well, and I shouldn’t be surprised if he___________ acting for a living one day.

A. had taken up B. takes up C. have taken up D. would have taken up

45. If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now.

A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told

46. I hadn’t expected ______Henry to apologize but I had hoped .

A. him to call me up B. him calling me up

C. that he would call me up D. that he will call me

47. I had hoped that John ____________a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months.

A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend

48. I had hoped that Jennifer___________ a doctor, but she wasn’t good enough at science.

A. will become B. became C. would become D. becomes

49. I’d rather you ___________ anything about it for the time being.

A. do B. didn’t do C. don’t D. didn’t

50. I’d just as soon_______ rudely to her.

A. that you won’t speak B. you not speaking

C. you not speak D. you didn’t speak

51. It’s high time they____________ this road.

A. mend B. mended C. must have mended D. will mend

52. It’s about time people______ notice of what women did during the war.

A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take

53. Everybody has arrived. It’s time we___________ the class.

A. shall start B. would start C. had started D. start

54. ___________ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.

A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for

55. Mary ___my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.

A. has received B. ought to have received

C. couldn’t have received D. shouldn’t have received

56. John did not feel well yesterday; otherwise he _______to see his classmates off.

A. came B. would come C. would have come D. should be coming

57. He’s working hard for fear that he_____________ .

A. should fall behind B. fell behind

C. may fall behind D. would fall behind

58. Without the dreams of the youth, this invention might____________ for a century.

A. have been postponed B. has been postponed

C. postpone D. be postponed

59. In the past men generally preferred that their wives_______________ in the home.

A. worked B. would work C. work D. were working

60. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child _____psychologically ready for the new idea.

A. is B. were C. be D. would be

61. Tom’s father, as well as his mother,_______________ in New York for a few days more.

A. ask him to stay B. ask he to stay

C. asks he stays D. asks he stay

62. Your advice that_____________ till next week is reasonable.

A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited

64. It was essential that we lease before the end of the month.

A. sing B. singed C. had signed D. were signing

65. It is appropriate that some time ______thorough study of the results of the Apollo mission.

A. devotes to B. devoted to C. is devoted to D. be devoted to

答案与详解

1．A．条件句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟。

2．B．条件句表示与过去事实的虚拟。

3．A．条件句表示与未来事实的虚拟。

4．B．条件句表示与未来事实的相反。

5．C．条件句表示与现在事实的虚拟。

6．D．条件句表示与现在事实的虚拟。

7．B．这个句子中含有一个省略if，把助动词提前到主语they之前的虚拟条件句，该条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中by the time they were finished 表明主句也应该是对过去发生的情况的假设，因而应该选（B）would have lost为正确答案。

8．（D）这道题目是一个混合虚拟语气的句子。条件句省略了if，把助词had提前到主语前面，表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中now表明了对现在情况的假设，所以应选would(should, could, might)+动词原形这种表达形式。四个选项中只有（D）是正确表达形式，故为正确答案。

9．（D）until recently，因此（D）是正确答案，而主句是隐含的对现在情况的假设，该句是一个混合虚拟条件句。

10．（B）假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句表示，而是隐含在一个由介词如but for、but that、without, 由连词but、副词otherwise 、比较级、形容词、独立主格等表示的上下文中。本句主句表示对过去情况的假设，但事实上由于英语考试而没有去成，即若不是因为英语考试，我本可以去听音乐会，所以应选But for为正确答案。

11．（C）题目中的第一句话表示的是现在真实的情况，而第二句话中所要表达的是应该做但事实上没有做的事，这种情况导致第一句话中真实情况的发生，故If only条件句假设的是过去一种情况，因此应该用had +过去分词，所以正确答案是（C）。

12．D．注意主句now表示现在的时间状语，所以主句是对现在虚拟，从句是对过去虚拟。

13．A．从句对过去的虚拟。

14．B．从句表示虚拟，而主句是事实。

17．（D）本道题目的前半句话是对过去情况的一种假设，但事实上并没有发生，而事实上没有发生的真实原因是句子的后半部分由but引导的转折句所表述的真实。因而but所引导的句子中应该用表示志过去事实相符合的表陈述的时态，即一般过去时。

18．（B）此题要求在if从句中选择适当的动词形式，以主句中的动词apologize(抱歉)来看，if从句中表达的内容应该是过去做的事，因此可以排除（A），因为（A）是现在时。（C）中should+have+过去分词结构表示本来应该做却没有做的事，在此不合题意。（D）选项中的might+have+过去分词表示对过去发生的事情很不肯定的猜测，它表达的内容还不能成为事实，所以藉此道歉真是不知从何说起，因此此处也不合题意。（B）had offended表示当时已经发生了的动作。这是复杂条件句：apologize 是现在，而条件句是表示对过去假设的条件句。

19．（A）该句也是一个复杂条件句（或称作混合虚拟条件句）。条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句表示对现在情况的假设，但事实上却与此相反，所以正确答案应该是（A）。

20．（A）as if引导的从句要求用虚拟语气，表示同时或将来的情况，动词要用过去式（be动词用were）或would(could等)+动词原形，本句话中指的是当时的情况，所以要用过去式，故（A）是正确答案。

21．D． 22．D． 23．C． 24．A． 25．D．

26．（B）had not occurred表示对过去的虚拟，条件句中要用过去完成式，主句中要用should(would, could, might)+动词原形的过去分词。

27．（B）had hoped是常见的要求其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气的句型，虚拟语气would+动词原形。

28．（C）表示对过去情况的假设，主句动词形式为would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词，条件句为过去完成式，if可以省略，但要把had提前主语前面。（B），（D）的表达不符合英语表达习惯，所以（C）是正确答案。

29．（A）suggest后面的从句要用虚拟语气形式，其形式为should（可以省略）+动词原形。

30．A．表示与现在相反的虚拟。

31．A．as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。

32．D．felt是过去式，所以该句是由as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。

33．D．as if引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟。

34．A．as if引导的与过去相反的虚拟。

35．C．

36．（D）would rather后接从句要求用虚拟语气，形式为过去式，表示对现在或将来的假设，或为过去完成式表示对过去的情况的假设。

37．（C）who引导的定语从句中的现在完成时表示动作业已发生，所以主句中表示的虚拟是针对已经发生了的行为，所以应该用过去完成式表示对过去的虚拟。

38．（B）

39．（C）这是一人含蓄虚拟条件句，通过介词短语without,表示潜在的一种假设，而主句中的情况也早已经发生，所以是对过去情况的一种假设，因此用would not have been achieved这一形式。

40．（D）连so that引导的从句中要求用虚拟语气，表示一种假设，形式为might+动词原形。

41．（B）It is time that是一种要求从句用虚拟语气的常见句型。虚拟语气形式为动词的过去式。

42．（C）

43．（C）otherwise用来表示一种含蓄的虚拟假设，因为是对过去(yesterday)的情况的假设，所以应该用would have come形式。

44．（B）所给的四个选项中没有一个表示对未来的情况的虚拟的形式should+动词原形，或是were to do，因此可以断定if引导的条件句在这里最真实的条件句，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，故（B）是正确答案。

45．（A）这是一个混合虚拟语气的句子，if条件句表示的是对过去情况的假设，而主句是对现在（now）的情况的假设，故用would tell形式。

46．C． 47．C． 48．C．

49．B．would rather引导的虚拟语气其谓语用过去式。

50．D．would as soon引导的虚拟语气，其谓语动词也用过去式。

51．B． 52．B． 53．B． 54．B．

55．C．注意单词otherwise引导虚拟语气。

56．C．同上。

57．A．注意词组for fear that

58．A．注意without

59．C． 60．C． 61．D． 62．B． 64．A． 65．D．

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虚拟语气2

1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法

(1)若表示与现在事实相反的假设，则条件从句中用过去式，主句中用过去将来式（would，should，could，might + 动词原形）；

(2)若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大，则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如：

I would certainly go if I had time．（现在）

If it should rain，we wouldn't go out.（将来

（3）若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用过去将来完成式（should，would，could，might + have + 过去分词）。如：

If I had set off a little earlier， I would have caught the train．

She would / might have come if she hadn't been so busy．

If I hadn't taken your advice，I would have made a bad mistake．

（4）含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如有had，should，were 这三个词的话，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如：

Had they time（=If they had time），they would certainly come and help us．

Should it be fine（=If it should be fine），we would go for an outing．

Were I go（=If I were you）， I would go．

（4）若主句从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反；或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如：

If it had rained last night（过去），It would be very cold today（现在）．

If I had taken your advice（过去），I should have no trouble with the work now（现在）．

2．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法

在动词suggest，order，demand，propose，request，command，insist等后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气（即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形）来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如：

I suggest that we（should）set off at once．

The doctor insisted that the patient (should)be X-rayed．

I wish I were as strong as you．

I would rather that you hadn't told him．

3．虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法

在It is necessary/important/strange/natural；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed；it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：

It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once．

It is requested that Professor Li（should）give us a speech．

It is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonight．

4．虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。

在 suggestion， proposal，idea，plan，order，advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：

Our suggestion is that you（ should）be the first to go．

My advice is that we（should）send for Doctor Li．

Do you know the order that you（should）keep watch？

5．虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法

在as if引导的状语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符；

在so that，in order that引导的状语从句中，常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。如：

They talked as if they had been friends for years．

She stayed at home for a few days so that she could take care of her mother．

He took a taxi to the station so that she should not miss the train．

6．虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：

在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟。

It’s time I was going.

It’s time somebody taught you to behave yourself.

7. 由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气

A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。

B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。

C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。

I wish that he weren’t so lazy.

I wish I hadn't wasted so much time.

I wish she would change her mind.

8. had hoped/ planned/ thought/ wanted/ intended表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。

I had thought he had been dead for at least 20 years.

I had hoped that she would go to the and study there, but she said

she liked to stay in China.

9. would rather.

would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如：

I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。

I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。

I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。

’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。

It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.

It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了

11. 虚拟语气在由某些连词或个词引出的表示条件、目的的状语从旬中的使用。常见的这些连词和介词有：

1) unless (除非)，provided(倘若)，supposing(假若)，providing(倘若) , on condition that(如果),由这些词、词组引出的从句，动词多用过去时。

除非你命令他做，要不他是不会做的。

He wouldn't do it unless you ordered him to.

假若你有机会出国，你会去哪儿呢？

Providing you had the opportunity to go abroad, where would you go?

12. so that (以便 )，for fear that(以免， 唯恐)，in order that (以便)，whether(不管)，lest(以免)，in case (假使)，从句中加情态动词，有时should可省略。

他把它藏起来以免她看见。

He hid it lest she (should) see it.

我得准备点啤酒，说不定约翰会来。

I'll get some beer in case John should come.

他轻轻地进屋，以免吵醒他的同房。

He entered the room quietly in order that he should not wake his roommate．

13. if only

如果表示对现在的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用过去式；

如果表示将来的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用would/could+动词原形；

如果表示对过去的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用had+过去分词。

if only I were you!

If only you had come yesterday!

If only Linda could go with us tomorrow!

If only I had said more about it!

only if表示“只有”；if only则表示“如果……就好了”。If only也可用于陈述语气。

I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。

If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了，就好了。

If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。

强化训练：虚拟语气3

The Subjunctive Mood

英语中的三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。其中虚拟语气用来表示说话人的一种与事实相反的主观愿望、猜测、建议或假想等。if条件句与主句的动词变化形式：

条件状语从句中的虚拟形式：

虚拟语气 If条件句 主句

与现在事实相反 动词过去式（若动词为be用were） should/would/could/might+动词原形

与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might+have＋过去分词

与将来事实相反 1.动词过去式

＋动词原形

to＋动词原形 should/would/could/might+动词原形

注意：

1）有时虚拟条件不用虚拟条件句表示，而用but for(要不是), without(如果没有),otherwise或or(否则)，或通过上下文来表示。

Eg. But for the storm, we would have arrived earlier.

Without water, all on the earth could not live.

2)if only（要是…就好了）

Eg. If only I were your brother.

2. 主语从句中的虚拟语气：

1)It’s important/necessary/strange/surprising/natural/desirable/ect.+that从句(谓语“(should)+V原”)

类似用法的形容词还有：essential, possible, impossible, dreadful, funny等

Eg. It is important that she (should) cooperate with us.

It was unnecessary that they (should) get here so early.

2)It’s +ordered/advised/ requested/required/desired/suggested + that从句(谓语“(should)+V原”)

Eg. It’s ordered that the classroom(should) be kept in order.

It is desired that every student (should) obey the school rules.

It is suggested that we (should)start the work at once.

3. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气：

1)表示“要求”、“建议”、“命令”等意义的动词后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气（即谓语“(should)+V原”)

这类动词有：request, order,propose, command, advise, recommend, demand, suggest, insist等。

Eg. He insisted that all of us (should) be there on time by any means.

The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.

※注意：当insist表示“坚持认为”和suggest表示“表明；暗示”时，其后的宾语从句不用虚拟。

Eg. The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for hi.

He insisted that he was honest.

2) 过去式或过去进行时（be用were） 对现在情况的虚拟

wish+that宾语从句(that常省) had＋过去分词 对过去情况的虚拟

would +V原 对将来的主观愿望

eg. I wish I could fly.

I wish you would stay a little longer.

I wish I had known it before.

3)would rather+宾语从句（谓语动词用过去式）

Eg. I’d rather you didn’t make any comment on the issue for the time being.

4. 表语从句：

表示“要求”、“建议”、“命令”、“欲望”、“劝告”等动词派生出来的同根名词作主语时，其表语从句要虚拟（即谓语“(should)+V原”），这类名词有：suggestion, proposal,request, advice, decision, requirement等。

Eg. The old man’s request is that his children (should) give him some money to live on every month.

My suggestion is that the old houses (should) be pulled down.

5. 同位语从句：同位语从句用虚拟语气的情况与表语从句类似。

Eg. My wish that a teaching bulding (should) be built here will soon come true.

What do you think of Mr Li’s proposal that we (should) have a get-together next Friday?

6. It is (high) time+that从句（谓语动词常用过去式）

Eg. It is time that the child went to bed.

7. 注意下列用法：

should/ought to have done

should not/ought not to have done

could/ might have done

need not have done

8. as if/though从句若情况属实，用陈述语气。否则用虚拟语气。（现在情况：动词用过去式；过去情况：had＋过去分词

It looks as if it’s going to rain.

It looks as if he had finished all his task.

9.在if引导的虚拟语气的条件句中，如果谓语动词含有were,或had, should, would等，有时可将if省略，将条件句中were,或had, should, would提到主语之前。

Eg. Were I (=If you were) you, I would make more notes.

Had you (= If you had) invited us, we would have come.

Exercises:

1. If my lawyer ___ here last Saturday, he ___ me from leaving.

A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent

C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented

2. ___ more attention, the trees could have grown better.

A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given

3. He suggested that she ___ at once.

A. starts B. to start C. should start D. started

4. Her expression suggested that she ___ angry.

A. was B. were C. be D. should be

5. They insisted that he ___ present at the meeting.

A. was B. were C. be D. should

6. I wish I ___ you yesterday.

A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see

7. --- Did you enjoy the film last night?

--- Yes, but I wish I ___ a headache.

A. hadn’t B. didn’t have C. hadn’t had D. wouldn’t have

8. It is necessary that he ___ to the hospital at once.

A. should send B. be sent C. would be sent D. sent

9. My suggestion is that you ___ the party nexst weekend.

A. held B. sould hold C. should hold D. could hold

10. The leader gave orders that the work ___ before May Day.

A. finished B. be finished C. to finished D. finish.

11. Bod ___ hard, otherwise he ___ in this exam.

A. can’t have worked; wouldn’t have failed B. can’t work; wouldn’t have failed

C. mustn’t have worked; wouldn’t fail D. must have worked; would fail

12. The driver kept his head; or the accident ___.

A. would happen B. happened C. would have happened D. would be happened

13. His failure in the college entrance esam suggested that he ___ hard.

A. not study B. should not study C. study D. had not studied

14. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ___ for her.

A. had to write it out B. must have written it out

C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out

15.--- I stayed at a hotel wihile in NewYork.

--- Oh, did you? You ___ with Barbara.

A. would have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed

1. It was suggested that such machines ___ at once.

A. would be produced b. will be produced C. was to be produced D. be produced

2. I wish I ___ to America with you, but I AM TOO BUSY.

A. will go B. can go C. shall go D. could go

3. --- It’s raining, and I have no umbrella.

--- Here’s mine and I insist ___ it.

A. you to take B. that you take C. that you taking D. you taking

4. She went to the market early so that she ___ buy some fresh fish.

A. can B. might C. must D. should

5. Bob would rather ____.

A. working in the garden than doing his homework.

B. work in the garden than do his homework.

C. to work in the garden than to do his homework.

D. work in the garden thatn doing his homework.

6. Would you rather I ___ buying a new bike?

A. decided against B. will decide against C. have decided against D. shall decide against

7. If only I ___ earlier.

A. come B. have come C. had come D. might come

8. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ____ your advice.

A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow

9. If we ___ yesterday , we ___ the work.

A. weren’t interrupted; would finish B. didn’t interrupt; would have finished

C. hadn’t interrupted; had finished D. hadn’t been interrupted; would have finished

10. ___, I’d have told you.

A. If I would have known it B. If I have known it C. Had I known it D. Should I know it

11. ___ today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. were he to leave D. If he leaves

12. If you had not helped them, they ___ in London now.

A. would still be B. will still be C. would have still gone D. will have still gone

13. Without your help, we ___ so much.

A. will not achieve B. didn’t achieve C. don’t achieve D. would not have achieved

14. Your advice that she ___ till next week is reasonable.

A. will wait B. is going to wait C. waits D. wait

15. --- What are you going to do next year?

--- I don’t know. But it’s time ____ something.

A. I decided B. I deciding C. I’ll decide D. I’d decide

16. She insisted that a doctor ___ immediately.

A. had sent for B. send C. be sent for D. was sent

17. The thief closed his eyes ___ he ___ dying.

A. even if; was B. though; would be C. even; had been D. as if; were

18. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he ___ their won son.

A. is B. were C. had been D. should be

19. It is strange that he ___ back so early.

A. came B. will come C. had come D. should have come

20. My suggestion is that the meeting ___ of till next Sunday.

A. be put B. put C. should put D. had been put

21. The teacher demanded that the exam ___ before eleven.

A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished

22. Helen doesn’t know how much I spent in repairing the house; if she ever found out, I’m sure ___.

A. she’d never forgive me B. she never forgives me

C. she’ll never have forgiven me D. she does never forgive me

23. Without the help of the teacher, I ___ the entrance exam.

A. wouldn’t pass B. wouldn’t have passed C. couldn’t be able to pass D. will never pass

24. But for the leadership of our Party and Government, we ___ these splendid results.

A. have achieved B. shouldn’t have achieved C. should have achieved D. would achieve

25. He didn’t come yesterday, or you ___ him.

A. would see B. were to see C. might have seen D. had seen

26. You didn’t let me drive. If we ___ in turn, you ___ so tired.

; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get

C . were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have get

27. ___ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.

A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will

28. I suggested the person ___ to be put into prison.

A. refers B. refering C. referred D. refer

29. --- Did you go with them?

--- No, I was very busy, but I would have gone if I ___.

A. had been B. hadn’t C. wasn’t D. was

30. Without electricity, human life ___ qute difficult today.

A. is B. will be C. would have been D. was

虚拟语气教案4

解读虚拟语气

虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达说话人的愿望、请求、意图、建议、惊奇、设想等。虚拟语气这一语法项目几乎是四、六级必考的内容，也是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一，考生应该熟练掌握。下面从五个方面介绍虚拟语气的用法。

第一部分：语气的定义和种类

第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气

第三部分：名词性从句中的虚拟语气

第四部分：条件句中的虚拟语气

第五部分：其他几种情况下的虚拟语气

第一部分：语气的定义和种类

1 语气(mood)

语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

2 语气的种类

⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的'，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：

①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。

②Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗？

③How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！

⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如：

①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。

②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。

⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如：

①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。

②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。

③May you succeed!祝您成功！

虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。

第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气

一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。如：

⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？

⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。

二、表祝愿。

1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。

⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！

⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！

⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！

⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。

⑸、May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。

⑹、May you be happy. (注意那个be ) 祝你幸福。

（7）May the world be filled with love! 让世界充满爱！

2、用动词原形。例如：

(1).Long live the people! 人民万岁！

(2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！”

(3).Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！

三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”）

(1).God save me．

(2).Heaven help us．

四、表命令

1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。

2.句子尾通常加上感叹号：！

3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present)，如：work, be , go

4.否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词do，加上not。

(1). Work !

(2). Work harder !

(3). Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词Be)

(4). You go out !

(5). Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气)

(6). Don't be afraid. (口语中常用don't 代替do not)

五、在一些习惯表达中。如：

(1).You’d better set off now.你最好现在就出发。

(2).I’d rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。

第三部分：名词性从句中的虚拟语气

第一节：宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气

一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。

一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：

从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例：

1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)

2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)

3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能)

4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)

5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)

现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂)

6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)

二）、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：

用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。例：

1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time.

我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)

2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.

他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)

3. We wished he had spoken to us.

(wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)

4. I wish you had called earlier.

(wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了)

5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.

(will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此)

例题分析：I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.

A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept

动词wish后面接从句，表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用过去式（表示现在发生的动作）或过去完成式（表示过去发生的动作）。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以， 选项A)could have slept是答案

三）、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)：

从句动词“would/should/could/might + 动词原形”(时间上较后)(请注意：主句和从句的主语不相同)。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。例：

1. I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop)

我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)

2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be)

我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)

3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive)

你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到)

4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change)

我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵，女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔)

5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join)

(只是希望我们和他在一起，实际上还没在一起)

四）、注意：

1.如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。例如：

I wished I hadn't spent so much money. 我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。

2. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求

I wish he would answer my letter.

I wish prices would come down.

I wish you would help me.

I wish you would stop asking silly questions.

二、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见，认为某事应该或不应该怎样，这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气，且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气，但事实上“should”常被省略，故此从句中谓语动词用原形，常用的此类动词有：

表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg

表示“提议、劝告、建议”的：move, prpose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote

表示“决定、命令”的：decide, order

表示“主张”的：maintain, urge

表示“同意、坚持”的：consent, insist

例如：

doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.

insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.

I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ”(当我建议他用刮胡膏时，他说“剃刀和水就行了”。)

pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. (他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据，直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动

虚拟语气教案设计5

一、语气的种类：英语句子中谓语动词的语气有四种：

1.直陈语气(The Indicative Mood)直陈语气用于直截了当地陈述事实、描述状态：

has published quite anumber of essays this year.他今年已发表了好几篇论文。

2.祈使语气(The Imperative Mood)祈使语气用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等：

outside until you are asked.请在外面等候，请你进再进去。

Let's just take abreak,shall we?我们休息一会儿，好吗？

3.疑问语气(the interrogative mood)：用来提出问题

are from?

4.虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood)虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。虚拟语气不太顾及事实的存在，它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多。所以说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的；或是其实现的可能性微乎其微，甚至于没有实现的可能性。当然，有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气。

wish you were more careful.但愿你更细心一些。

If Ihad more money,I would buy abigger apartment.

我要是有再多一点钱，我就买一套更大一些房子。

Would you mind shutting the door?劳驾您把门关上。

二、虚拟语气的种类：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多；条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

三、真实性条件句

真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的。情况有可能发生，各种结构如下：

条件从句主句

一般现在时shall/will+动词原形

祈使句情态动词一般现在时

he comes,he will bring his violin.如果他来，会带小提琴来的。

典型例题：The volleyball match will be put off if it_.

rain rained

答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。

注意：1.在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall,will.

(错)If you leave now,you are never going to regret it.

(对)If you leave now,you will never regret it.

2.表示真理时，主句谓语动词不用shall(will)+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式

四、非真实条件句

1.虚拟语气可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况，时态的基本特点是时态往后推移

2.

与现在事实相反的假设一般过去时(be用were)Would/should/could/might/ought to+动词原形 they werehere,they would help you.

we had enough money,we would buy acomputer.

Iwere you,I wouldn't do it.

it rained tomorrow,we'd stay at home.

would be odd if she were awarded the first prize.

与过去事实相反的假设过去完成时Should/would/could/might+have+过去分词 he had come yesterday,I should have told him about it.

Ihad been in her position I'd have quit.

the weather hadn't been so bad,we might have gone out.

he had apologized,you should have done so too.

should never have done it if Ihadn't been so hard up.

与将来不大可能发生的事情的假想一般过去时/should/would

+动词原形Should/would/could/might/ought to+动词原形 you suc ceeded,everything would be all right.

they invited me,I would certainly attend it.

he went,would you go too?

与将来事实相反的假设were+不定式Should/would/could/might/ought to+动词原形 she were to lose her place they would be ruined.

you were to speak to him,it would carry more weight.

五、混合条件句(也叫：错综时间条件句)

有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句

you had asked him yesterday,you would know what to do now.如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。(从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。)

it had rained last night(过去),it would be very cold today(现在).如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。

you'd listened to me,you wouldn't be in such trouble now.如果你听了我的话，你现在也不会这样麻烦了

it hadn't been for her care,I should not be speaking to you now.如果不是她照顾我，我也不会在这里和你讲话

the doctor had come in time,any would still be alive.如果医生及时赶到，AMY现在还活着。

六、含蓄条件句：含蓄条件句是指非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中。含蓄条件句常见的表达方式有：

1.定语从句和状语从句

who had married such agirl as she would have been regretful.谁娶了像她这样的姑娘都会后悔的

help was promised where it should become necessary.要是需要的话就答应给予帮助

2.介词及介词短语but that,as though,once,but for,without,with,under,under…condition,supposing,suppose,as if,on condition that,in the past等

for his pension,he would starve.要不是有养老金，他都要饿死了

without your help,I couldn't have achieved all this.要不是有你帮助我不会取得这些成就

with his aid,you would succeed.如果有了他的帮助，你就会成功。

plants would die without water on the earth.地球上如果没有水，植物就会死的

but for the fog we would have reached our destination long ago.要是没有雾的话，我们很早就到目的地了

under more favourable conditions we could have finished the task.如果条件对我们更有利，我们就会把工作完成得更好

3.连词otherwise,or,but would have given you more help,but he has been so busy.他本来要多给你一些帮助，只是他太忙了

seize the chance,otherwise you would regret it.如果不抓住这个机会，你会后悔的

he felt very tired yesterday,or he would have helped you.他昨天觉得很累，不然会帮你的

4.通过分词短语表示条件

more time,we could have done it better.

Legalizing this drug would have disastrous consequence.使毒品合法化会有灾难性的后果

5.用动词不定式表示条件

would be amistake not to help him.

She would have done anyghing to make amends.她会做任何事来弥补

特殊情况：情态动词在日常用语中用得很多，使句子显得比较委婉；这类谓语算不算虚拟语气很难说，但有两点是肯定的：

一是它们不受时态的影响，虽然形式接近过去式，却常指现在的情况，而且和虚拟语气在形式上一致，在不少情况下几乎可以说是一种含蓄的虚拟条件句；

二是它们不表示事实，常带有主观色彩，因而使句子显得很委婉。

should think that might be agood solution.

could Itrouble you with aquestion?

could you lend me some money?

would you mind taking part?

would you like some tea?

七、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用

1.虚拟语气用在would rather，would(just)as soon，would sooner，would prefer(希望)等后接的宾语从句中。意指某人宁愿让另一个人做某事，其后的宾语从句的谓语动词需用虚拟语气。若表示现在或将来要做某事，从句谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去已经做的事，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。

manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office.经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。

To be frank，I'd rather you were not involved in the case.坦率地说，我希望你不要卷入这件事。

You don't have to be in such would rather you went on business first.你没有必要这么着急，我宁愿你先去上班。

I'd rather you didn't make any comment on the issue for the time being.我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。

Frankly speaking，I'd rather you didn't do anything about it for the time being.坦白地说我宁愿你现在对此事什么也不做。

Wouldn't you rather your child went to bed early?为什么你不愿让你的孩子早点上床呢？

注：①若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用动词原形 would rather stay at home today.

②would rather...than...中用动词原形 would rather stay at home than go out today.

2.在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，像order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,

insist+(should)do suggest that we(should)hold ameeting next week.我建议下周召开个会议。

He insisted that he(should)be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。

注意：如suggest,insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事时”，即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。

判断改错：(错)You pale face suggests that you(should)be ill.

(对)Your pale face suggests that you are ill.

(错)I insisted that you(should)be wrong.

(对)I insisted that you were wrong.

的用法