英文基本语法(精选4篇)

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英语语法及知识点【第一篇】

一、小学英语形容词性物主代词

1、形容词性物主代词8个:

My your his her its our your their

我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他(她、它)们的

2、形容词性物主代词的特点:

1)译成汉语都有"的" eg:my 我的 their 他们的

2)后面加名词:eg:my backpack his name

3)前后不用冠词 a an the

This is a my eraser(错误)

That is your a pen(错误)

Its his the pen(错误)

3、I(物主代词)my you(物主代词)your he (物主代词)her we (物主代词) our

注:在变物主代词时,把原题所给的词加上的,再译成单词就可以了。

二、小学英语名词性物主代词

1、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词一样有8个:

Mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs

我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他(她、它)们的

2、 名词性物主代词的特点:

1)译成汉语都有"的"

2)后面不加名词

3)名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词

Eg:1、the pen is mine 钢笔是我的(mine=my pen)

三、小学英语单数的句子变成复数的句子

把单数的'句子成复数的句子很简单:变法是把能变成复数的词变成复数,但a或an要把去掉。特殊疑问词、形容词、国家及地点通常不变。

Eg:把下列句子变成复数

1, I have a car ----we have cars

2, He is an American boy. ----They are American boys

3, It is a car ----They are cars

4,This is an eraser ----These are erasers

5,That is a backpsck -----Those are backpacks

6,Im an English teather ------We are English teathers

7,Its a new shirt---- They are new shirts

8,Hes a boy ----They are boys

9,Shes a singer ------They are singers

10,Whatsthis in English?---- What are these in English?

四、小学英语名词的数语法

名词有单数和复数两种形式

1、名词的单数:表示一个人或一个事物

2、名词的复数:表示一个人以上的人或事物

名词复数的变化规律如下:

1、多数情况下在名词后面加S,s 在清辅音后读S

2、以s,x,sh,ch为结尾的词在词尾加es, es读作iz

3、以f ,fe为结尾的词去掉f或fe加ves,ves读作vz

4、以辅音加y 结尾的词,变y为ies

5、以元音加y结尾的词,直接加s

6、不规则变化

Man-menwoman-women policeman-policemen

Policewoman-policewomen这种情况下a变成e

1、单复数同形

Chinese-chinese Japanese-japanese sheep -sheep deer -deer

2、 This 这个these这些(复数) that那个 those那些(复数) I我 we我们(复数) he他 she她 it它 they他、它、她们(复数) am ,is是 are(复数)

五、小学英语人称代词主格及宾格

人称代词分为主格和宾格,主格和宾格区别:主格和宾格汉语意思相同,但位置不同。

Eg:I(主格)"我"-- me (宾格)"我"

主格在陈述句中通常放句首,宾格通常放在动词后或介词后,也就是说宾格,不放在句首。

Eg :I have a new car.( I 主格)

Excuse me (me 宾格)

I ask him to go (him 宾格)

They sit in front of me (me 宾格)

主格(8个):I 我you你 he他 she她 it它 we 我们you 你们they他(她、它)们

宾格(8个):me我 you你 him 他her她 it它 us我们 you你们 them他(她、它)们

六、小学英语名词所有格语法

1、变法:在人名后面加s 记住:s要译成"的" eg:Lucy(名词所有格)Lucys

2、如果是2个或2个以上人的名词所有格要在最后一个人名加s

Eg:Lily and Lucy (名词所有格)Lily and LucyS

Lily Lucy and Julia (名词所有格)Lily Lucy and Julias

3、以s结尾的名词复数所有格在后面加,eg:students

七、小学英语就划线部分提问练习题

就划线部分提问的变法:

1、先根据划线部分找到特殊疑问词。

2、再把没划线的部分变成一般疑问句的语序。

3、特殊疑问词通常有:what/ where/ who /whosc/ how/how old/ what colour/ whatclass /what grade/what row/what school

八、小学英语一般疑问句

1、一般疑问句最基本的变法:be 提前用问号读升调

2、my变成your our变成your I am / We are 变Are you I can 变Can you

3、注意人名不论放在什么位置都要大写 Tom is a student。Is Tom a student?

4、一般疑问句翻译成汉语都有"吗"?

1)This is my English teather. Is this your English teather?

2)It is our school. Is it your school?

3)We are students. Are you students?

4)I can sing. Can you sing?

九、小学英语动词的用法

1、 到目前为止,我们学过的be动词包括三个词 am ,is, are 这三个词的汉语意思相同,都是"是"的意思,但怎么运用

好这三个词呢?请记住下列口决:

2、我是 am( eg:I am a pupil.)

你是 are (eg:You are a girl.)

Is 用在他、她、它(eg:He is a Chinese boy,She is an English teather,It is a cat.见到复数就用are.)

3、记住:am ,is 的复数是are.;these 这些 ;those 那些(这两个词都表示复数)

十、英语简缩形式的变法语法

1、简缩形式的变法:把倒数第二个字母,通常是元音字母变成 但are除外,are要把a打成 。Eg:he is=hes they are=theyre

2、简缩形式和完全形式的汉语意思相同。

3、把完全形式变成简缩形式时,一定要注意第一个字母的大小变化。Eg:What is =Whats

4、记住一个特殊变化;lets =let us 让我们(不要把 变成i) 5、记住:thisis 没有简缩形式thiss(错误)

英语语法及知识点【第二篇】

一、非谓语动词

“非谓语动词”可分为动词不定式、动名词和分词。它在句子中的作用很多:除了不作谓语外,它可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语与复合宾语(主语补语或宾语补语).有些及物动词后面接不带to的不定式作复合宾语。这些动词归纳如下:一感(feel).二听(hear,listen to),三让(have,1et, make),四看(see,watCh,notice,observe).再加上help somebody(to)do something和美国英语look at somebody do somthing.还有“二让”属特殊:get somebody to do something与keep somebody doing.而有些及物动词后面接动名词(the -ing form)作宾语。这些动词归纳为一句话:Papa C makes friends.这是由如下动词的开头字母组成:permit,advise, practise,avoid,consider,mind, allow,keep,enjoy,suggest, finish,risk,imagine,escape,need,delay,stand(忍受).为了容易记住,也可以编成顺口溜:“允许完成练习,建议避免冒险,考虑延期逃跑,喜欢保持想象,需要反对忍受”。其相对应的动词依次是:permit/allow,finish,practise;

advise/suggest, avoid,risk:consider, delay, escape/miss; enjoy/appreciate, keep, imagine; need/want/require,mind. cant help/can’t stand.

二、复合句

1、学生最容易混淆的是定语从句与同位语从句的区别。

例如:A、The news that our team has won the match is true. (同位语从句)

B、The news that he told us surprised everybody here. (定语从句)

关键的区别在于连接或关系代词that:有意义的是定语,无意义的是同位。因为引导定语从句的that在从句中作主语或宾语,而引导同位语从句的`that只起到连接词的作用。

2、接着容易混淆的是引导定语从句的关系代词that与which:that之前是不定(代词)、序数(词)、(形容词)级:which之前是介词短语与逗号(非限制性).

例如:A、All that we have to do is to practise every day.

B、The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.

C、I have lost my pen,which I like very much.

D、The house in front of which there is a garden is my home.

三、It的用法

1、It除了代替人和物以外,还可以作形式主语。而真正的主语(不定式、动名词或从句)则放于谓语或表语之后。

例如:It is nor easy to finish the work in two days.

然而有少数表语之后接动名词作真正的主语。这些表语是:无助(no help)、无用(no use)、没好处(no good);工作(hard work)、费时(a waste of time)、又危险(a danger).

例如:A、It is no use crying over spilt milk.

B、It is a waste of time waiting for him.

2、It还可以作形式宾语。通常下列动词后面可接it作形式宾语:2f2tcjm(find,feel,think,take,consider,judge, make).

例如:A、He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.

B、I think it no use arguing with him.

3、It用于强调句式。要强调句子的某一部分(主语、宾语、状语),可以把it当作先行词。这种句子的结构是:It is(was)+被强调部分+that(who)+句子的其余部分。

例如:A、It iS Professor Lin who teaches us English—(强调主语)

B、It was in Shanghai that l saw the film.—(强调状语)

C、It was in 1990 that I worked in the factory.(同上)

但要注意与定语从句的区别。

例如:D、It was 1990 when I worked in the factory.(定语从句)

在强调句式里,我们把强调结构It is(was)…that除去,句子还很完整。如例句C.而例句D就不能。

英语语法及知识点【第三篇】

比较need和dare

这两词既可做实义动词用,又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词,两者都只能用于疑问句,否定句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的`不定式必须带to,而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。

1) 实义动词: need(需要, 要求) need + n. / to do sth

2) 情态动词: need,只用原形need后加do,否定形式为need not。

Need you go yet?

Yes, I must. / No, I neednt.

3) need 的被动含义:need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动:

need doing = need to be done

英语语法及知识点【第四篇】

英语语法知识:It be time +(that)从句

在英语里,“It be time +(that)从句”是一个较为常用的句型,它表示“该做……的时候了”的意思。该句型属于主从复合句的一种;其主句部分为"It be time",从句部分的连词that可以省略。以下从三个方面简要谈谈这一句型。

一、time前面的修饰语

句型“It be time +(that)从句”通常暗示“有点迟了”,为了强调这一含义,可以在time的前面加形容词high.例如:

Its high time we started.

It is high time that more women ran the arts.

为了使语气得到进一步的加强,还可以在high的前面加certainly, more than等副词或词组:

It is certainly high time that we ordered dinner.

形容词full也可以加在time的前面,用来加强语气。例如:

Its full time you had a nice day.

It is full time that boy went to herding.

time前面还可以加about,这时句型所表达的意思是“早该……”。例如:

Its about time we started.

Its about time I settled down.

上面两例中的about可以用getting来代替,句意不变;这可以视为句型“It be time +(that)从句”的一种变体。

二、从句中的动词形式

在“(that)从句”中,动词形式通常是一般过去时。这是一种奇特而有趣的'语言现象,即用假设的过去时来代替实际的将来时。从英语史的角度来看,从句中的动词形式用过去时原是属虚拟语气;但从语言发展的观点来看,目前这种动词形式视为陈述语气比较合适。

著名语言学家夸克(R. Quirk)教授等人在1985年出版的《英语语法大全》一书中认为,“(that)从句”的动词形式一定要用“假设的过去时”。他们举了一例:Its time I was in bed.其实,动词形式除常用过去时外,也可以用其他时态和语态(用何种形式应视情况而定)。正如著名语言学家周海中教授在1988年发表的《探讨“It be time (that)…”句型》一文中所言:在现代英语里,“(that)从句”中的动词形式一般用过去时,这是基本规则;有时也可以用其他的动词形式,但应视为特殊用法。他在其文中列举了大量实例,用于论证和说明。

1.用were型虚拟语气。例如:

Its high time I were hence. (W. Shakespeare)

Its time I were gone. (A. Tennyson)

由于英语的发展,虚拟语气与陈述语气之间的区别正在逐渐消失。基于这种情况,虚拟语气的were也正在逐渐地代替陈述语气的was.

2.用be型虚拟语气。例如:

You reckon I be found anywhere with him, time he start belle ring. (W. Faulkner)

It is time that more of the research dollars now devoted to cure be diverted to finding new and more humane ways of curing that will make a cancer patients remaining years happier, more comfortable, and more productive. (Science, 1984, Vol. 5, )

动词形式用be型虚拟语气是古英语的用法。目前,这一用法在英国英语中已“日薄西山”,而在美国英语中却有“东山再起”之势,但主要见于正式文体。

3.借助情态动词should

Its time this heart should be unmoved. (G. Byron)

It may be time that I should meet with some misfortune; but I hope it is not this. (C. Dickens)

上面用法主要见于文学作品,尤其是英国人写的。

4.用过去进行时。例如:

Its time we were leaving. (H. Maclnnes)

Its time we were getting home. (E. ONeil)

上面用法通常是一些表示位置转移的动作动词。

5.用一般现在时。例如:

It is high time that the U. S. realizes it cannot continue to hide its head in the sand, for the sand has started to blow. (Newsweek, Oct. 15, 1979)

“It is time that the burden of Reaganomics is shared by those in the upper-income groups,” 0Neill declared. (Time, Jun. 20, 1983)

上面用法主要见于美国英语,尤其在新闻文体里。这是一种值得关注的语言现象。

6.用完成时。例如:

Its time that reduction in force has finally hit the federal government also. (U. S. News and World Report, Mar. 15, 1982)

Fooleries! Pshaw! Its time youd done with fooleries. (G. Eliot)

上面用法也是一种值得关注的语言现象。

三、句型中的省略现象

在口语中,可以把句型“It be time +(that)从句”中的"It be"省略。例如:

High time we left. (J. Linsay)

Time we were going. (M. Hammonds)

在一定的上下语境中,也可以把句型中的“(that)从句”省略。例如:

This program goes in that direction, and I believe its time. (T. Wicker)

在特定的语境里,甚至还可以把句型中的"It be"和“(that)从句”都省掉,意义仍然是显豁的;不过,这时time前面要用high来修饰,其后面常跟副词too,该词只是用来加强语气,并无具体意义。例如:

Hes gone back to work.—— High time, too! (Longman Dictionary of English Idioms)

顺带一提,句型“It be the +序数词+ time +(that)从句”与句型“It be time +(that)从句”在结构上有点相似,但它们在句意上是完全不同的。前者也是主从复合句,当其主句的be用一般现在时,从句的动词形式通常为现在完成时,it可以用this来代替;当其主句的be用一般过去时,从句的动词形式通常为过去完成时,it可以用that 来代替。例如:

It/This is the first time (that) I have seen him.

It/That was the third time (that) I had been there.

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