现在完成时用法小结精编3篇

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动词现在完成时1

一、现在完成时的概念及构成

(1)现在完成时的概念

现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果;或表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。

(2)现在完成时的构成

现在完成时由“助动词have,has+过去分词”构成。

规则变化的过去分词与动词的过去式的变化规则一样,在词尾加上-ed;不规则动词的过去分词变化见字典附录的不规则动词表。

现在完成时的肯定式、否定式、疑问式及其答语见下表(以work为例)。

二、现在完成时的基本用法

(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果

常与下列状语连用:already(多用于肯定句),never(否定句),ever(多用于疑问句),yet(用于否定句或疑问句),just,before。例如:

I've already seen the film.

我已经看过那部电影了。

Have you ever been to London?

你曾经去过伦敦吗?

She has never lost her way.

她从没迷过路。

Has she finished cooking yet?

她做完饭了吗?

2.表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态

常与表示过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语连用。如“for+一段时间”,“since+点时间”,“since+一段时间+ago”或“since+从句(谓语动词用一般过去时)”。例如:

Miss Zhao has taught maths for five years.

赵老师教数学五年了。

His mother has worked in the shop since 1990.

自从1990年他妈妈就在这家商店上班。

The Greens have lived in London since three years ago.

自从三年之前,格林一家人就住在伦敦。

3. 表示到现在为止的一段时间内多次动作的总和或做过的工作的量的积累

Great changes have taken place in the past three years here.

在过去的三年里这儿发生了巨大的变化。

We have learnt over 3,000 words this year.

今年我们学了3000多个单词。

――How many buildings have you built these years?

这些年来你们盖了多少楼房?

――We've built over ten buildings.

我们盖了十多座高楼。

He has been dead for ten years. 他死了十年了。

三、使用现在完成时应注意的事项

1.现在完成时与一般过去时的用法区别

(1)现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,而一般过去时不强调过去的动作与现在的关系。如:

I have lost my pen. (强调我现在没有笔)

I lost my pen. (过去笔掉了,没说明现在是否有笔)

(2)现在完成时不可和表过去的时间状语连用(before,just等除外),但一般过去时可和表过去的时间状语,如yesterday,last week,three days ago,just now等连用。如:

A:Hello,Kate! Have you had supper?

凯特,你好!你吃晚饭了吗?

B:Yes,I have. 吃了。

A:When did you have it ? 你什么时候吃的?

在此例中,应注意When是一个不确定的过去时间。

2. for和since的运用

for表“经历(一段时间)”,而since表“自从……以来”。常见结构:“for+一段时间”;“since+一段时间+ago”;“since+一个时间点”;“since+从句”。如:

He has stayed here for 3 hours.

他留在这儿已经3个小时了。

He has stayed here since 3 hours ago.

他3个小时以前就留在这儿了。

He has stayed here since 3 o' clock.

他从3点钟一直留在这儿。

He has taught English since he came here.

他到这儿以后就教英语。

3. 短暂动词怎样和表示一段时间的状语连用

英语中的短暂性动词,也叫做终止性动词、瞬间动词或非延续性动词,只表示一时的动作,在肯定句式中不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。这类动词常用的有So,come,leave,find,buy,arrive, give,stop,join,marry,die,pass away等。对这类词,如果初学者不加分析地随便使用,会出现不应有的错误。如:“这本书我买了三个月了。”误译成“I have bought this book for three months.”。为了避免错误,在使用这类词时应学会并掌握“三个变化”。

(1)谓语动词的变化。把短暂性动词变为延续性动词。例如:

leavehave(has) been away from

joinhave(has) been(in)

buyhave(has) had

diehave(has) been dead

come(arrive)have(has)been here

borrowhave(has) kept

begin to workhave(has) worked

openhave(has) been open

get uphave(has) been up

put onhave(has) on

come backhave(has) been back等。请看例句:

①他来这里半小时了。

[误]He has come here for half an hour.

[正]He has been here for half an hour.

②他犹豫不决,沉默了一会儿。

[误]He hesitated and gave no reply for a while.

[正]He hesitated and remained silent for a while.

(2)时间状语的变化。把表时间的状语“for…”变为“数词+时间名词+ago”的短语形式。例如:

①他参军五年了。

[误]He has joined the Army for five years.

[正]He has been in the Army for five yean.

[正]He joined the Army five years ago.

②他离开济南三年了。

[误]He has left Ji'nan for three years.

[正]He has been away from Ji'nan for three years.

[正]He left Ji'nan three years ago.

(3)句子模式的变化。可把句式变为“It is+时间+since...”的句式。例如:

①我们敬爱的已逝世二十多年了。

[误]Our beloved and respected Premier Zhou has died for more than twenty years.

[正]Our beloved and respected Premier Zhou has been dead for more than twenty years.

[正]Our beloved and respected Premier Zhou died more than twenty years ago.

[正]It is more than twenty years since our beloved and respected Premier Zhou died.

②中华人民共和国成立多久了?五十五年了。

[误]―How long was the People's Republic of China founded?

―It was founded for 55 years.

[正]―How long is it since the People's Republic of China was founded?

―It is fifty-five years since it was founded.

4. have(has) been to与have(has) gone to的用法区别

“have/has been to+地名”,表示“某人曾经到过某地,现在已经不在那个地方了”,时间状语常用 ever,never(否定句)等。例如:

I have ever been to America.我曾去过美国。

(现在I在说话地点,不在美国。去美国是过去的事。)

“have/has gone to+地名”,表示“某人到某地去了,此人现在已不在说话地点”。例如:

―Where's Mr Evans?伊万先生在哪儿?

―He's gone to Washington.他到华盛顿去了。

5. already和yet的区别

already常用于肯定句中或句末;yet常用于一般疑问句或否定句句末。但表惊讶时already也可用于疑问句。

Tom has already finished his homework.

汤姆已经完成了作业。

Tom hasn't finished his homework yet.

汤姆还没有做完作业。

What!Have you already finished it?

什么?你已经完成了那个工作?(惊讶)

海纳百川,有容乃大。上面这3篇现在完成时用法小结就是山草香为您整理的现在完成时范文模板,希望可以给予您一定的参考价值。

现在完成时用法小结2

现在完成时是中学生必须掌握的重要语法项目之一,也是难点之一,要想让学生灵活掌握这一要点,必须对其用法进行深析和加强实际运用。

一、 现在完成时的构成

现在完成时是由“have/has+动词的过去分词”构成。其中的have/has在这里只充当助动词,故将肯定式变成否定式时直接在其后面加not,变成疑问句时直接将其提前。

二、 现在完成时的含义

表示过去发生或已经完成的某个动作对现在所造成的影响或结果,重在与现在的联系。如:

I have finished my homework already.

He has never been to England.

2. 表示动作或状态从过去某时开始,一直持续到现在,并有可能会持续下去。如:

I have lived here for ten years.

I have lived here since ten years ago.

三、 运用现在完成时的几个注意点

1. 熟记与现在完成时连用的时间状语。

already,yet,before, ever, never, before, recently, just, many times, until now, up till now, so far, since 2000, for ten years, in the past/last five years, these days等。

2. 注意现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。

一般过去时只是单纯地表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生联系,它要和表示过去的时间状语连用。而现在完成时表示的是过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。强调的是现在的情况,它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。两种时态的侧重点不同,前者强调的是动作本身,后者则强调结果。比较:

I lost my watch yesterday.(至于现在找到与否没有说明,即不跟现在发生联系)

I have lost my watch...(表示现在的结果――手表未找到)

3. 当现在完成时与since,for引导的时间状语连用时,其谓语动词必须是延续性动词,如果是终止性动词,必须将其转换成延续性动词。如:

I borrowed this book two days ago.

I have kept this book for two days.

I have kept this book since two days ago.

常见的终止性动词与延续性动词的转换有:become; come―be here; go―be there; begin―be on; open―be open; close―be close; end―be over; buy―have; borrow―keep; die―be dead; wake―be awake; join―be a member of; get up―be up; fall asleep―be asleep; catch a cold―have a cold.但是需要注意的是终止性动词的否定式可以和表示一般时间的状语连用。如:

We haven’t seen each other again since 2005.

另外,It is+一段时间+since从句的结构已成固定句式沿用下来,主句中的谓语动词be用is,很少用has been。如:

It is two years since he come to this school.

4. have/has been to, have/has gone to, have/has been in的区别。

表示“曾经去过某地”用have/has been to,“你曾经去过上海吗?”应译为“Have even been to Shanghai?”表示“去某地已走远”用have/has gong to. “他去上海了。”应该译为“He has gone to Shanghai.”说明他现在不在说话地,在去上海的路上,或者在上海。“他已经在上海待了两年了”应该译为“He has been in Shanghai for two years.”此知识可以参考下面的口诀以便记忆。

“been to,gone to”意不同,两者用法要记清。have been to+地名,曾经到过某地行,have gone to+地点,去某地已走远。

5. 同义句的多种表达。

他已经参军三年了。

He joined the army three years ago.

He has been in the army for three years.

He has been a member of soldiers since three years ago.

It is three years since he joined the army.

最后,用歌诀来总结一下现在完成时的主要用法,希望对大家有所帮助。“学习现在完成时,谓语结构要记住,have/has+过去分词。主要用法有两个:过去发生的动作,对现在有影响或结果,just already常用着,过去动作或状态,一直延续到现在,for或since把时间带”。

现在完成时态的用法3

一、 构成have/has+过去分词

如:(1) I have seen the film.

(2) He hasn't seen the film.

(3) Have they seen the film? Yes,they have.(No,they haven't.)

二、 用法

现在完成时态表示过去发生并已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响,或过去发生持续到现在的行为。

1. 表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。标志词有already,yet,just,ever,never,before等。

如:(1) I have lost my bike. 我的自行车丢了。(即:我现在没有车了。)

(2) Thank 've had my supper. 谢谢你,我已吃过晚饭了。(即:我现在不需要。)

[注]

如果句中有一个表示特定的过去时间的状语,如:this morning,yesterday,last week,three days ago,just now等,谓语动词用一般过去时。而现在完成时则常与already, yet,just等与现在有联系的时间状语连用,并表示动作的持续。试比较:

(1) I found my bike just now.我是刚刚找到我的自行车的。

(2) I have found my bike.我已找到了我的自行车了。

如果单纯谈一个过去的动作不涉及它对现在的影响时,通常用一般过去时;如果谈一件事已经发生,不考虑它是什么时候发生的,而主要考虑对现在的影响,即现在情况如何,则用现在完成时。试比较:

(1) I closed the door.(表示门过去关好,现在可能关好,也可能没关好。)

(2) I have closed the door.(表示门现在关上了。)

2. 表示过去发生的动作持续到现在。标志词有for,since,so far,these days等。

如:

(1) Mr Green has lived in Beijing for two years.

格林先生住在北京已两年了。(说明“居住”的动作从两年前持续到现在)

(2) He has worked here since 1998.

他从1998年一直在这儿工作。(说明工作这一动作是从1998年持续到现在)

(3) He has lived with his aunt since his mother died.

自从他妈妈死了,他一直和他姑妈住在一起。(说明他仍将与姑妈一起生活下去。)

[注]

与for, since 连用的现在完成时,其谓语动词必须是持续性的。如果谓语动词为短暂性动词(或词组),可改为表示状态的“be+形容词(副词、分词、名词、介词短语)”。

如:begin/start―be on;come bace―be back;close―be closed;die―be dead;get up―be up;fall ill―be ill;leave―be away from;join―be a member of/be in;finish―/end―be over;marry―be married;open―be open

也可将某些短暂性动词改为与其意思相近的延续性动词,如:buy―have;become―be;borrow―keep

译一译:

他回来已三天了。 He has been back for three days.

=He has been back since three days ago.

=It is/has been three days since he came back.

=Three days has passed since he came back.

=They came back three days ago.

(不能说:He has come back for three days.)

某些非延续性动词的否定形式可以和for,since时间状语连用。

如:I haven't met him for a long time. 我好长时间没见到他了。

I haven't met him since he left. 自从他离开我就没遇到他。

3. 区别下列词组

(1) have/has gone to 去了某地还没有回来。

(2) have/has been to 曾经去过某地已经回来了。

(3) have/has been+介词短语 曾经在某个地方

如:

(1) They have gone to Beijing.

他们已到北京去了。(他们可能在去北京的路上或已到了北京,总之他们现在不在北京。)

(2) He has been to Beijing twice.他去过北京两次。(现在他不在北京。)

(3) I have been in Nanjing for two years.我在南京呆了两年。(现在还在南京。)

(4) His brother has been in the army for half a year.

=His brother has been a soldier for half a year.他哥哥参军半年了。

(5) Tom has been on the football team for a year.

=Tom has been a school football player for a year.

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