ted演讲范例(优质4篇)
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ted演讲【第一篇】
have you ever held a question in mind for so long that it becomes part of how you think? maybe even part of who you are as a person? well i’ve had a question in my mind for many, many years and that is: how can you speed up learning? now, this is an interesting question because if you speed up learning you can spend less time at school. and if you learn really fast, you probably wouldn’t have to go to school at all.
now, when i was young, school was sort of okay but i found quite often that school got in the way of learning so i had this question in mind: how do you learn faster? and this began when i was very, very young, when i was about eleven years old i wrote a letter to researchers in the soviet union, asking about hypnopaedia, this is sleep learning, where you get a tape recorder, you put it beside your bed and it turns on in the middle of the night when you’re sleeping, and you’re supposed to be learning from this.
a good idea, unfortunately it doesn’t work. but, hypnopaedia did open the doors to research in other areas and we’ve had incredible discoveries about learning that began with that first question. i went on from there to become passionate about psychology and i have been involved in psychology in many ways for the rest of my life up until this point. in 1981 i took myself to china and i decided that i was going to be native level in chinese inside two years.
now, you need to understand that in 1981, everybody thought chinese was really, really difficult and that a westerner could study for ten years or more and never really get very good at it. and i also went in with a different idea which was: taking all of the conclusions from psychological research up to that point and applying them to the learning process. what was really cool was that in six months i was fluent in mandarin chinese and took a little bit longer to get up to native. but i looked around and i saw all of these people from different countries struggling terribly with chinese, i saw chinese people struggling terribly to learn english and other languages, and so my question got refined down to: how can you help a normal adult learn a new language quickly, easily and effectively?
now this a really, really important question in today’s world. we have massive challenges with environment we have massive challenges with social dislocation, with wars, all sorts of things going on and if we can’t communicate we’re really going to have difficulty solving these problems. so we need to be able to speak each other’s languages, this is really, really important.
the question then is how do you do that. well, it’s actually really easy. you look around for people who can already do it, you look for situations where it’s already working and then you identify the principles and apply them. it’s called modelling and i’ve been looking at language learning and modelling language learning for about fifteen to twenty years now.
and my conclusion, my observation from this is that any adult can learn a second language to fluency inside six months. now when i say this, most people think i’m crazy, this is not possible. so let me remind everybody of the history of human progress, it’s all about expanding our limits.
in 1950 everybody believed that running one mile in four minutes was impossible and then roger bannister did it in 1956 and from there it’s got shorter and shorter. 100 years ago everybody believed that heavy stuff doesn’t fly. except it does and we all know this. how does heavy stuff fly? we reorganise the materials using principles that we have learned from observing nature, birds in this case. and today we’ve gone ever further, so you can fly a car. you can buy one of these for a couple hundred thousand us dollars. we now have cars in the world that can fly. and there’s a different way to fly that we’ve learned from squirrels. so all you need to do is copy what a flying squirrel does, build a suit called a wing suit and off you go, you can fly like a squirrel.
no, most people, a lot of people, i wouldn’t say everybody but a lot of people think they can’t draw. however there are some key principles, five principles that you can apply to learning to draw and you can 2 actually learn to draw in five days. so, if you draw like this, you learn these principles for five days and apply them and after five days you can draw something like this. now i know this is true because that was my first drawing and after five days of applying these principles that was what i was able to do. and i looked at this and i went ‘wow,’ so that’s how i look like when i’m concentrating so intensely that my brain is exploding. so, anybody can learn to draw in five days and in the same way, with the same logic, anybody can learn a second language in six months.
how: there are five principles and seven actions. there may be a few more but these are absolutely core. and before i get into those i just want to talk about two myths, dispel two myths. the first is that you need talent. let me tell you about zoe. zoe came from australia, went to holland, was trying to learn dutch, struggling a great deal and finally people were saying: ‘you’re completely useless,’ ‘you’re not talented,’ ‘give up,’ ‘you’re a waste of time’ and she was very, very depressed. and then she came across these five principles, she moved to brazil and she applied them and within six months she was fluent in portuguese, so talent doesn’t matter.
people also think that immersion in a new country is the way to learn a language. but look around hong kong, look at all the westerners who’ve been here for ten years, who don’t speak a word of chinese. look at all the chinese living in america, britain, australia, canada have been there ten, twenty year and they don’t speak any english. immersion per se doesn’t not work, why? because a drowning man cannot learn to swim. when you don’t speak a language you’re like a baby and if you drop yourself into a context which is all adults talking about stuff over your head, you won’t learn.
so, what are the five principles that you need to pay attention to; first: the four words, attention, meaning, relevance and memory, and these interconnect in very important ways. especially when you’re talking about learning. come with me on a journey through a forest. you go on a walk through a forest and you see something like this. little marks on a tree, maybe you pay attention, maybe you don’t. you go another fifty metres and you see this. you should be paying attention. another fifty metres, if you haven’t been paying attention, you see this.
and at this point, you’re paying attention. and you’ve just learned that this is important, it’s relevant because it means this, and anything that is related, any information related to your survival is stuff that you’re going to pay attention to and therefore you’re going to remember it. if it’s related to your personal goals then you’re going to pay attention to it, if it’s relevant you’re going to remember it. so, the first rule, the first principle for learning a language is focus on language content that is relevant to you. which brings us to tools. we master tool by using tools and we learn tools the fastest when they are relevant to us.
so let me share a story. a keyboard is a tool. typing chinese a certain way, there are methods for this. that’s a tool. i had a colleague many years ago who went to night school; tuesday night, thursday night, two hours each night, practicing at home, she spent nine months, and she did not learn to type chinese. and one night we had a crisis. we had forty eight hours to deliver a training manual in chinese. and she got the job, and i can guarantee you in forty eight hours, she learned to type chinese because it was relevant, it was important, it was meaningful, she was using a tool to create value. so the second tool for learning a language is to use your language as a tool to communicate right from day one.
as a kid does. when i first arrived in china i didn’t speak a word of chinese, and on my second week i got to take a train ride overnight. i spent eight hours sitting in the dining care talking to one of the guards on the train, he took an interest in me for some reason, and we just chatted all night in chinese and he was drawing pictures and making movements with his hands and facial expressions and piece by piece by piece i understood more and more. but what was really cool, was two weeks later, when people were talking chinese around me, i was understanding some of this and i hadn’t even made any effort to learn that.
what had happened, i’d absorbed it that night on the train, which brings us to the third principle. when you first understand the message, then you will acquire the language 3 unconsciously. and this is really, really well documented now, it’s something called comprehensible input and there’s twenty or thirty years of research on this, stephen krashen, a leader in the field has published all sorts of these different studies and this is just from one of them. the purple bars show the scores on different tests for language. the purple people were people who had learned by grammar and formal study, the green ones are the ones who learned by comprehensible input. so, comprehension works. comprehension is key and language learning is not about accumulating lots of knowledge. in many, many ways it’s about physiological training.
a woman i know from taiwan did great at english at school, she got a grades all the way through, went through college, a grades, went to the us and found she couldn’t understand what people were saying. and people started asking her: ‘are you deaf?’ and she was. english deaf. because we have filters in our brain that filter n the sounds that we are familiar with and they filter out the sounds of languages we’re not. and if you can’t hear it, you won’t understand it and if you can’t understand it, you’re not going to learn it. so you actually have to be able to hear these sounds. and there are ways to do that but it’s physiological training. speaking takes muscle. you’ve got forty-three muscles in your face, you have to coordinate those in a way that you make sounds that other people will understand.
if you’ve ever done a new sport for a couple of days, and you know how your body feels? and it hurts? if your face is hurting you’re doing it right. and the final principle is state. psycho-physiological state. if you’re sad, angry, worried, upset, you’re not going to learn. period. if you’re happy, relaxed, in an alpha brain state, curious, you’re going to learn really quickly, and very specifically you need to be tolerant of ambiguity. if you’re one of those people who needs to understand 100% every word you’re hearing, you will go nuts, because you’ll be incredibly upset all the time, because you’re not perfect. if you’re comfortable with getting some, not getting some, just paying attention to what you do understand, you’re going to be fine, you’ll be relaxed and you’ll be learning quickly.
so based on those five principles, what are the seven actions that you need to take? number one: listen a lot. i call it brain soaking. you put yourself in a context where you’re hearing tons and tons of a language and it doesn’t matter if you understand it or not. you’re listening to patterns, you’re listening to things that repeat, you’re listening to things that stand out. so, just soak your brain in this. the second action: is that you get the meaning first, even before you get the words. you go well how do i do that, i don’t know the words, well, you understand what these different postures mean. human communication is body language in many, many ways, so much body language.
from body language you can understand a lot of communication, therefore, you’re understanding, you’re acquiring through comprehensible input. and you can also use patterns that you already know. if you’re a chinese speaker of mandarin and cantonese and you go vietnam, you will understand 60% of what they say to you in daily conversation, because vietnamese is about 30% mandarin, 30% cantonese. the third action: start mixing. you probably have never thought of this but if you’ve got ten verbs, ten nouns and ten adjectives you can say one thousand different things.
language is a creative process. what do babies do? okay: me. bat(h). now. okay, that’s how they communicate. so start mixing, get creative, have fun with it, it doesn’t have to be perfect it just has to work. and when you’re doing this you focus on the core. what does that mean? well any language is high frequency content. in english 1000 words covers 85% of anything you’re ever going to say in daily communication. 3000 words gives you 98% of anything you’re going to say in daily conversation. you got 3000 words, you’re speaking the language. the rest is icing on the cake. and when you’re just begging with a new language start with the tool box. week number one in your new language 4 you say things like: ‘how do you say that?’ ‘i don’t understand,’ ‘repeat that please,’ ‘what does that mean,’ all in your target language. you’re using it as a tool, making it useful to you, it’s relevant to learn other things about the language. it’s by week two that you should be saying things like: ‘me,’ ‘this,’ ‘you,’ ‘that,’ ‘give,’ you know, ‘hot,’ simple pronouns, simple nouns, simple verbs, simple adjectives, communicating like a baby. and by the third or fourth week, you’re getting into what i call glue words. ‘although,’ ‘but,’ ‘therefore,’ these are logical transformers that tie bits of a language together, allowing you to make more complex meaning. at that point you’re talking.
and when you’re doing that, you should get yourself a language parent. if you look at how children and parent interact, you’ll understand what this means. when a child is speaking, it’ll be using simple words, simple combinations, sometimes quite strange, sometimes very strange pronunciation and other people from outside the family don’t understand it. but the parents do. and so the kid has a safe environment, gets confidence. the parents talk to the children with body language and with simple language which they know the child understands. so we have a comprehensible input environment that’s safe, we know it works otherwise none of you would speak your mother tongue. so you get yourself a language parent, who’s somebody interested in you as a person who will communicate with you essentially as an equal, but pay attention to help you understand the message. there are four rules of a language parent. spouses by the way are not very good at this, okay? but the four rules are, first of all, they will work hard to understand what you mean even when you’re way off beat.
ted演讲【第二篇】
-----读《像TED一样演讲》有感
当今是一个竞争的社会,是一个魅力展现的社会。商场如战场,一流的口才将是你驰骋商场的致胜法宝,可谓"一人之辩重于九鼎之宝,三寸之舌强于百万之师".美国总统奥巴马通过公众演说成功入主白宫,成为美国历史上第一位黑人总统,马云、俞敏洪等企业家通过极具魅力的演讲带领团队书写商界神话,这体现了雄辩的力量,思想的力量。
美国作家卡迈恩q加洛撰写的《像TED一样演讲》一书告诉我们,沟通力是21世纪的货币,会演讲的人成功的机会比别人多出200%.在市场经济时代,在这个人人都是"推销员"的时代,作为企业员工,越来越多的场合需要我们掌握演讲与沟通的技能,比如求职面试、新产品推介、商业谈判等,当众演讲成为职场上生存和商业竞争的有力武器。
TED演讲被公众认为是世界上最高水准的演讲,它创下了总计10亿多次的视频点击率,成为公众演讲的"金牌标准".美国作家卡迈恩q加洛在观看和分析了500场最受欢迎的TED演讲视频,并和成功的TED演讲者直接对话的基础上,写出了《像TED一样演讲》一书,打造世界顶级演讲的九个秘诀。其中最吸引我的有四个方面的内容:释放内心的热情、讲故事的艺术、设计惊奇的环节和展现真实的自己。
怎样选择演讲主题?作者引用了苹果公司联合创办人史蒂夫q乔布斯在他最后的公共演讲中说的一句话:"技术和艺术的结合让我们的心灵歌唱",也就是说真正让你心灵歌唱的东西、让你充满热情的东西可以成为你的演讲主题,只有它才能够真正地感染观众。如果演讲者对演讲内容没有任何强烈的、富有意义的情感,那么他就很难、几乎不可能引起观众的共鸣。
TED最受欢迎的演讲者与各行各业最有魅力的传播者之间有一个相似之处,就是他们都拥有热情,都有想和他人分享的兴趣点。科学研究表明,热情是有感染力的,要想感染别人,就先得感染自己。如果你对自己的演讲主题充满热情,认为它有意义,你就更有可能说服并感染观众。
美国著名畅销书作家和公众演说家罗伯特q格林在《登峰造极》一书中指出,那些对自己的演讲充满热情的演讲者,都会被看作是启迪心灵的领导者,客户更愿意和这样的人做交易。因此,在商业谈判、产品推介等场合,要想获得对方的认可与信任,必须要有热情。
怎样让他人认同自己观点?作者告诉我们:要掌握讲故事的艺术,用讲故事来触动人们的心灵,影响他们的思想。因为大脑扫描显示,故事能够刺激人脑,吸引人的注意力,拉近演讲者与观众间的距离,使观众更有可能认同演讲者的观点。同时将包含有可信度的喻德,证据和数据的喻理,和情感吸引力的喻情这三个要素放进故事里,可以让故事更具说服力。
一个价值25美分的玩具香焦有了故事的渲染后,在eBay网站上的拍卖价达到76美元;王石讲了一个登山的故事,为万科节省了三亿广告费;海尔只讲了一个砸冰箱的故事,从而让人们认识了海尔,相信了海尔产品的品质……
因此,我们都要做会讲故事的人。商务演讲中,可以讲活动、公司或产品背后的故事;求职面试中,可以讲个人特质背后的故事;营销策划中,可以讲关于创意的故事。我们可以把每一个品牌、每一种产品背后的故事找出来,并把它讲出来。无论是你自己的故事,别人的故事,还是品牌的故事,故事可以让概念和创意显得更加真实。
在讲故事的过程中要注意的是,避免过度使用行话和套话,使用那些"领先"、"解决方案"、"生态系统"等空洞、毫无意义的词汇。而当你听到"熏衣草的气味"这个短语时,大脑和嗅觉有关的区域就会活跃起来。所以你讲的故事,一定要尽可能使用比喻、类比的修辞方法和生动的语言,切记要避免行话和套话。
怎样让他人记住你传递的信息?作者说,设计出让观众惊掉下巴的环节,就是演讲者在演讲中要设计出令人震惊、激动不已或者出人意料的环节,抓住观众的注意力。
因为人类的大脑喜爱新奇的事物,演讲中不同寻常、与众不同的或出其不意的元素会激发观众的好奇心,使他们跳出思维定式,拥有一个看世界的新视角。传递全新的信息给观众,重新整合信息,或给观众提供一个解决老问题的新方法,都能引起观众的兴趣。
微软创始人比尔盖茨出席了一个众多技术界人物列席的会议,为了阐明抗击亚非贫困国家马来热的观点,演讲时他打开了一个玻璃罐,将罐子里的蚊子放出来,并对观众说:"我今天带来了一些蚊子,让你们体会一下被蚊子叮咬的滋味。只有穷人被蚊子叮咬是不公平的。"全场观众没有表现得"瞠目结舌",反而是哈哈大笑,并鼓起掌来。新闻界把这个放蚊子的环节称为"噱头",它能够博得掌声和惊叹声,能够让人大吃一惊,抓住人们的注意力。
怎样获得他人的信任?作者提出,演讲者要表现最真实的自己,要自信地站在观众面前,做到真实、开放、透明,从内心出发,让观众窥见演讲者的灵魂,这样更能增加观众的信任。因为演讲的目的是要感动观众,并鼓励他们去拥抱更远大的梦想。如果他们认为你不够真实,你就无法打动他们。如果他们对你不够信任,豪无敬佩感甚至讨厌你,你就无法说服他们。
ted演讲【第三篇】
后来,大家都知道了,这是《普罗米修斯》。
其实从一部“科幻大片”的角度来看,这部影片有些“先天不足”。除了被称为“异形之父”的导演雷德利·斯科特(Ridley Scott)之外,演员阵容都没有星光熠熠到足以让人们争相走入影院。“没有风靡世界的明星角色助阵,影片就必须在营销方面表现得更加精明。”《福布斯》杂志这样评论道。
Simon Pont确实是这样一个擅长精打细算的人,他知道该怎样讲好这个故事。Pont是Vizeum的首席战略官,这家公司每年帮助二十世纪福克斯公司(20th Century Fox)在全球发行30多部影片。《普罗米修斯》正是其中之一,全部营销方案都经由他和他的团队设计出 来。
一般而言,Pont将电影营销分为三段:影片上映前、映中、映后。而文章开头提到的所有市场营销活动都属于映前阶段。
第一阶段有两个关键词:制造悬念、引发兴趣。“在这一阶段,你要让消费者‘知道’关于这部电影的一切,同时又不能直接告诉他们。”Pont对《第一财经周刊》说,“观众坐在黑暗的影院座位上、面对大银幕发出连声惊叹,那时候才知道‘一切’。”
这听起来实在太玄乎了。不过只要看看在电影上映前他们都做了什么就不太难懂了。
2012年2月28日,TED大会官方网站了一段视频,内容是虚构人物Peter Weyland在2023年的一场TED演讲,主题为“我将改变世界”。演讲中提到,Peter Weyland设计的机器人将无限接近人类,还提到了普罗米修斯为人类盗取火种的神话故事。这已经是关于影片本身最直接的暗示了。
这个看似无厘头的剧情实际上暗藏玄机。如果你看过《异形》系列,Weyland公司和它的创始人Peter Weyland是邪恶势力的代表─你会回忆起《异形》系列影片一些经典剧情。就是这样一个人物,出现在TED大会官方网站上,以和其他TED视频毫无区别的方式在做营销。
Pont认为让Weyland登上TED演讲台的创意堪称是整个《普罗米修斯》营销大戏的最大亮点。“这是编剧戴蒙·林德洛夫(Damon Lindelof)想要的效果:模糊故事的边界,让科幻同现实找到结合点。”这则视频由电影导演和编剧原班人马制作,另外两段病毒视频也是如此。
这也是TED第一次同其他公司合作进行品牌推广。“不过我觉得他们没有理由说‘不’,因为这几乎是一个再完美不过的双赢。《普罗米修斯》因此获得了学术界的关注和好评,而TED也带上了好莱坞的光环,并且让更广泛的受众知道。”Pont说。
此时距离6月《普罗米修斯》在北美上映还有4个月的时间。类似《普罗米修斯》这样的年度重点大片,Pont所在的Vizeum公司同二十世纪福克斯会在影片上映前9至12个月就开始讨论相关营销计划。
接下来的4个月,Pont的“排片表”也已经是满满当当的了。
3月17日,《普罗米修斯》的男主角迈克尔·法斯宾德等亮相WonderCon动漫展。所有参加展览的观众都会拿到一张Weyland公司的名片,上面印有网址和电话,拨打电话后你会收到一条短信和一段病毒视频。这段视频看起来就像是Weyland公司为自己生产的“大卫”第8代机器人打的广告,介绍功能和原理。而机器人“大卫”正是法斯宾德在电影中的角色。
随后,《华尔街日报》上也出现了“大卫8”的正版广告和一个名叫“普罗米修斯计划”的网址。同时“大卫8”开通了Twitter账号,可以直接解答用户提出的问 题。
随着首映日期的接近,视频内容也越来越关乎影片本身。
上映前三周,第三段病毒视频在Facebook普罗米修斯官方帐号上,标题为《Weyland公司资料》,内容是影片女主角伊丽莎白·肖博士打给Peter Weyland的一段视频电话,为她的太空之旅筹款。同时,片方租下了法国巴黎废弃73年的圣马丁地铁站,布置成片中场景的样子。不少地铁乘客拍摄了大量的照片和视频上传到社交网站。
这三段病毒视频的内容以倒叙的方式放出,本身就像一个“前传”。《普罗米修斯》的故事发生在2089年,而Peter Weyland在2023年登上了TED演讲,发明出了“大卫8”机器人,而最后一则视频交代了这次计划的起因。所有这些视频短片都不涉及电影中的任何一个画面,却从一开始就环环相扣地引导人们一步步去探索这个“普罗米修斯”计划到底是什么。至于“哪个主角死了”这样重大的情节,更是坚决不能透露。
关于这部影片营销中最具争议的部分大概是它从一开始就试图利用“异形前传”这个标签获取关注度,尽管这部电影本身的情节同异形的相关性非常有限。在Pont看来,“前传”并非“标题党”,而是一种有远见的品牌策略。“如果一部电影已经以系列的方式存在很长时间,也在市场中建立起了正面的口碑和品牌认知,那么就应该用一种比较长久的计划去运作。”
但巧妙的是,Vizeum并没有让这部电影止步于“异形前传”这个标签,而是用接二连三的病毒视频和大胆的广告创意不断制造更多看点。“《普罗米修斯》的营销计划同电影剧情本身一样野心勃勃,目的是要成为老少咸宜、男女通吃的具有票房号召力的真正的大片,一件2012年度不可忽略的大事,一个真正的文化事件。因此我们所有的营销策略都非常大胆。”Pont说。
为了让这部电影成为一场大事件,在英国,《普罗米修斯》干脆买下了Channel 4某节目的整个广告时段播放特别制作的长达3分半的预告片。通常,一般电影预告片只有30秒左右。当然,这个片段在4月29日全球首发之前,已经在Twitter、Google、Facebook以及媒体和广播电台预热一轮了。
这并不只是一个“长电视广告”而已。这是一个实时社交媒体的营销活动。电视台在进“广告”之前会提醒观众可以在观看的同时在Twitter上就相关话题进行讨论。在“广告”结束之后,主持人则会播报这些讨论内容。这让Channel 4成为全球首个直播Twitter的电视台。同时,影片相关的讨论也在全英国电视观众面前进行了一次大曝光。
结果非同凡响。这期节目超过了以往平均收视率的30%,达到240万。在Twitter上,相关话题获得了上万条推文,并且80%的人认为《普罗米修斯》就是“适合自己口味的电影”。进一步的跟踪数据表明,66%的人打算要看这部片子,这一数字媲美《阿凡达》。这部影片同样由Vizeum公司负责市场推广。连Twitter CEO迪克·科斯特洛都声称《普罗米修斯》是“Twitter上有史以来最棒的创意活动”。
相比“病毒营销”,Pont更愿意把这一整套野心勃勃的营销方案叫作“跨媒介叙事”。这是MIT教授亨利·詹金斯(Henry Jenkins)在他的著作《融合文化》(Convergence Culture)中提出的概念,指利用不同的媒介形式来创造进入一个故事的触点。这是一套建立在互联网改变人们接受信息习惯的基础上的理论,与之相对的则是传统的线性叙事方式,比如从“在很久很久以前”一直到“永远幸福快乐地生活在一起”这样经典的结构。
而在数字时代,人们已经没法集中注意力把故事从开头看到结尾了。“如今没有人会坐等你的下一个广告了。人们每天都被海量的商业广告轰炸,每一个都在争夺他们的注意力。人们习惯于忽略或者重新编辑你的信息,然后继续自己的日常生活。”Pont说。因此,在数字时代,更有效的传播方式是,你抛出一些碎片化的信息,这些信息代表一个故事的不同维度,然后用户会按照他们自己的方式去描绘出整个故事。因此,你会在巴黎某个地铁站里、TED网站上、Twitter上以及《华尔街日报》上分别看到关于《普罗米修斯》的不同信息,这些足够引发你对这部电影的兴趣和想象了。
Pont最近写了一本名叫《The Better Mousetrap》的新书,这种把电影营销分为前中后三段的模型被称为“领结模型”─《普罗米修斯》的营销正是这个模型的最好诠释。
在《普罗米修斯》结尾,有一行网址,登陆之后你会看到一段Peter Weyland在TED演讲之前的新视频片段和一本书。这本书的封面上写着尼采在《查拉图斯特拉如是说》中的名句:“人之所以伟大,是因为他是一座桥梁,而非目的。”
这些都让《普罗米修斯》成为一个“文化事件”,因为这部电影本身探讨的正是“我从何处来”这样的哲学命题,而这句精心选择的话也的确引发后续的思考和探讨。
ted演讲【第四篇】
你也许永远没有机会真正地登上TED舞台,但你依然需要用激励他人的方式去传递自己的想法。而且,TED演讲的理论和技巧同样适用于商务演讲和会议,甚至可以运用到任何一个公共演讲场合,无论是在学校,还是参加会议,甚至是婚礼和其他特殊场合。
首先,需要有“值得分享”的观点,明确演讲的目的是给予。因为TED相信并且努力去挖掘那些正向的、可以去鼓舞人们思索的、能够改变世界的观念,这是被人们长久以来忽略的巨大的力量,并且号召人们作出行动,让世界和生活越来越好。
因此,选择话题时要进行深层次的以结果为导向的反思。同时,专注于传播“一个”观点,找出你演讲的核心,而且这个核心最好精练成3―12个单词的口号。用一个强有力的语句表达出来,通过至少重复三次的方式,能让它根植于听众的大脑。演讲者常犯的一个最大错误,就是试图通过一次演讲传达一生所学,其实,专注于一个概念可以让你更清晰地实现你的意图。
其次,把握演讲的结构与关键点。对于开场的前一二分钟,甚至10―20秒,是观众参与程度最高的时刻,因此必须要有清晰的开头。最引人入胜的三种开场方式是“有针对性的故事”、“震撼人心的事实”以及“有影响力的问题”。比如,杰米・奥利弗这样开始:“为什么每天都有320位与你一样的美国人因为自己食用的东西而与世界告别?”同时,也要避免采用以我为中心的开场,比如我是来自某某公司,我如何如何。
对于主体,要有内在的逻辑(论点―论据―论证模式),一方面能使你更集中在你真正值得传播的观点上,同时可以把你的观点和听众的记忆钩连起来;好的过渡能精确地回顾前一部分,同时巧妙地预告下一部分。它还能给观众提供宝贵的时间,将刚才所讲的内容同演讲的整体逻辑联系起来,并同个人经历联系起来。对于总结,要有预示即将结束,然后做总结,和会议主题挂钩,给出具体落实方法,表达出对于听众感受的考虑等。
最后,很重要的一点,演讲是必须要与听众建立情感联系。在播放次数最多的10个TED演讲中,有7个都是致力于激励人们更好地改造和提升自我价值。他们的观点并无创新――太阳底下无新事。这7个演讲关注人类的观点,包括精神疾病、创新、领导力、幸福、激励、成功和自尊。这些演讲者并不是第一个针对这些课题发表演讲的人,也不会是最后一个。但他们从自身的角度去审视和思考这些问题,并且感动了我们,是演讲者让听众明白了为何这些事情很重要,我们怎样才能去改变现状。
当然,就像TED的主旨“传递分享、内容大于技巧、鼓励人们有信仰、活出热情”一样,在这个快速发展、浅阅读的互联时代,它让我们能够更真切地表达自己思想的同时,更多地是让我们从“为什么”开始思考,而不是“怎么做”或者“做什么”。
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