英语非谓语动词知识点详解（4篇）

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非谓语动词的时态和语态【第一篇】

一般式：不定式：主动to do ，被动to be done ; ing 形式：主动doing ，被动being done ;过去分词：被动done

完成式：不定式：主动to have done ，被动to have been done;ing 形式：主动having done，被动having been done

进行式： 不定式to be doing

非谓语动词总结【第二篇】

一、不定式

动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为＂to 动词原形＂

动词不定式作主语

1. It's our duty to clean the room every day.

2. To teach English is my favorite.

动词不定式作宾语

1. He wants to buy some vegetables.

2. Don't forget to bring your homework with you when you come to school.

3. He found it very difficult to fall asleep.

［简析］在want，like，agree，hope，wish，learn，begin，start，seem，decide，hate，choose，forget，remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。

动词不定式作宾语补足语

1. Robert often asks us to help him with his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.

2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends to cook Chinese food.

［简析］不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask，teach，expect，tell，allow等。

动词不定式作状语

1. She went to see her teacher.

2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best to learn English well.

［简析］go，come，try，do / try one's best等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。

动词不定式作定语

1. Would you like something to drink?

2. I have a lot of homework to do.

3. He is not an easy man to get on with.

［简析］不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。

不带to的动词不定式

1. We saw him enter the building and go upstairs.

2. So much work usually makes them feel very tired.

3. Your father is sleeping. You'd better not wake him up.

4. I was made to do my homework in the afternoon.

［简析］1.在see，watch，hear，feel, notice等感官动词和make，have，let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to.但是在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式要带to(let没有被动语态)。2.在＂had better＂后面接不带to的不定式。

某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别

remember to do(记住去做) remember doing(记得做过

forget to do(忘记去做) forget doing(忘记做过)

try to do(设法做) try doing(试着做)

go on to do(接着做另一事) go on doing(继续做同一事)

stop to do(停下来去做) stop doing(停止做)

can’t help to do(不能帮助做) can’t help doing(情不自禁做)

动词不定式的被动式

The new hospital to be built is near the factory.

二、动词的-ing形式既包括动名词又包括现在分词

动名词是由动词原形+ ing 构成，同现在分词形式一样，在句中可作主语，宾语，表语和定语。

1) 动名词作主语：Talking like that is not polite.

Learning from others is important . Putting on more clothes is not so good .

2) 动名词作表语The nurse's job is looking after the patients. Seeing is believing.

3)动名词作宾语有些动词须用动名词来作宾语，它们是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy,

miss, keep. Practice等

Please stop smoking in the house. I like reading in the forest.

4）动名词作定语She is studying in the reading room.

现在分词的用法：

1) 做表语：He was very amusing. That book was rather boring.

exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.

2) 作定语：a developing country a flying bird

There are a few boys swimming in the river. There is a car waiting outside.

3) 作状语：

现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作：

Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain.

现在分词短语还可以表示原因， 相当于一个原因状语从句：

Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.

现在分词短语还可以表示时间， 相当于一个时间状语从句：

Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.

4)作宾补：现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语：

例如， see, hear, catch, find, keep , have 等。

I see him passing my house every day. I caught him stealing things in that shop.

2.过去分词的用法：

1) 作表语：We were so bored. She felt confused,

2) 作定语：cooked food a written report fried eggs boiled water

3)作状语：

Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent. They came in, followed by some children.

4)作宾补：过去分词也同样可以作宾语的补语，接在某些动词后面

I will have the clothes washed tomorrow. When they get back home, they found the room robbed.

非谓语动词总结【第三篇】

非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。

为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。

1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别

(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。

Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。

(抽象)

It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。

(具体)

(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。

不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。

Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。

(经验)

Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。

(经验)

(3)不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。

It took me only five minutes to finish the job.

2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别

(1)不定式作表语

1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。

To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做两件事等于未做。

What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。

(2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也是不定式(表示结果)。

To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。

To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。

(3)如果主语是以aim， duty， hope， idea， happiness， job， plan， problem， purpose， thing， wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明 作用。

His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。

The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.

The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant.

(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。

Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。

His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。

注：动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。

动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。

People cannot but feel puzzled， for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.

His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected.

(3)分词作表语

分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。

一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite， interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。

所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。

换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.

这类词常见的有：

interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的

exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的

The argument is very convincing.他的论点很令人信服。

They were very excited at the news.听到这个消息，他们非常激动。

3.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别

英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求：

(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语

1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语

attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视

2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式

ask要求，邀请 get请，得到 prompt促使

非谓语动词的概念【第四篇】

动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。

非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词：done。其中不定式表示目的和将来；动词的ing表示主动和进行；过去分词表示被动和完成。