新概念英语第二册语法实用2篇

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新概念英语第二册语法1

分词

1．分词的性质：

具有形容词性质，可以在句中担任表语、定语、宾补、状语，现在分词表示主动，且动作在进行：过去分词表示被动，或动作已完成。

2．分词的形式：

例： write (vt) rise (vi)

主动语态 被动语态 主动 过去分词

时态

现在时 writing being written rising risen /

完成时 having written having been written having risen /

3．分词的用法：

（1）定语 分词置于被修饰名词前

分词短语于置于被修饰名词后

a sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping

a running dog = a dog which is running

a broken glass = a glass which is broken

a beaten team = a team which is beaten（beaten 是被打败的意思）

This is the problem discussed at the last meeting.

The problem being discussed is very important.

（2）表语：The book is interesting.

He is interested in the book.

The news is exciting.

He feels excited.

（3）宾语补足语：

When I woke up, I found my mother sitting beside me.

I'd like to havethis package weighed.

掌握精髓：动词不定式作宾语表示动作的全过程，而现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示被动概念。

（4）状语：（以下例句值得一背！）

① If you turn to the left, you'll find the station.

→ Turning to the left, you'll find the station.

② As I didn't receive her letter, I called her up by telephone.

→ Not receiving her letter, I called her up by telephone.

③ While I was walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.

→ Walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.

④ When she was asked it she had any bad habit, she answeredthat she was a heavy smoker.

→ Asked if she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.

你知道吗？注意：在运用此类句型时主语前后要保持一致。

① Whenschool was over, the boys went home.

→ Being over, the boys went home. ×

School being over, the boys went home. √

② As my homework has been done, I have nothing else to do.

→ My homework having been done, I have nothing else to do.

③ Ifweather permits, I'll start tomorrow.

→ Weather permitting, I'll start tomorrow.

④ I fwe judge from his face, he must be ill.

→ Judging from his face, he must be ill.（这里应该是 we judging ...，但若主语是we, one, you表示“一般人”，主语可省略）

实际上，这里涉及到独立主格结构问题，以后在作分解！

4．分词的时态：

现在分词一般时表示此动作与主句谓语动词同时发生。

现在分词完成时表示此动作在主句谓语动词之前发生。

Entering the room, hesaw he. （几乎同时）

Not having tried his best, he failed in the exam. （分词动作在前）

5．语态：现在分词一般时被动表动作正在被进行，完成时被动强调分词所表示的动作先被完成。

The ships being loaded and unloaded belong to us.

Having been warned of typhoon, the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbor.（渔民先被告知而后驶向港口）

新概念英语第二册语法2

一、表示强调的方式

1.用形容词“very”，“single”等表示强调

Army fought a battle on this very spot.

红军就在此地打过一仗。

Not a single person has been in the office this afternoon.

今天下午竟然没有一个人来过办公室。

2.用反身代词表示强调

myself will see her off at the station.

我将亲自到车站为她送行。

You can do it well yourself.

你自己能做好这件事情。

3.用助词“do”表示强调

baby is generally healthy，but every now and then she does catch a cold.

那孩子的健康状况尚好，但就是偶尔患感冒。

Do be told you I had a headache.

务必安静，我告诉过你，我头疼。

4.用副词“very”，“only”，“even”，“too”等表示强调

drank it to the very last drop.

他把它喝得一干二净。

Only in this way can we wipe out the enemy troops.

只有用这样的方法我们才能消灭敌军。

He didn't answer even my letter.

他甚至连我的信都未回。

I will too go!我要去的！

5.用“...and that”，“...and those”，“not...too much”，“否定加否定”等结构表示强调

fulfilled the task，and that in a few days.

他们在几天内完成的就是那项任务。

I gave her some presents，and those the day before yesterday.

前天我送给她的就是那些礼物。

I can't thank you too much.我无论怎样感谢你都不过份。

I am not unfaithful to you.我对你无比忠诚。

二、if从句

if从句

新概念英语语法中if从句是一个重点也是个难点。If引导从句形式多样、含义多变，在生活中使用频率极高的从句。本文详细归纳了if从句的主从句的逻辑关系，帮助大家正确理解、把握和使用if从句。

一、if引导状语从句，表示”如果。”，”假使。”。

if引导状语从句是对就现在，过去，未来可能实现之事加以推测。

例如：If I win a lot of money I'll buy you a mink coat.如果我赢了钱，我会给你买件貂皮大衣(新概念一册第137课)。

If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it.

如果你把车停在不应该停的地方，交警会找到你的(新概念第二册第16课)。

二、if用于虚拟语气中

1.与现在事实相反：

从句动词过去式，主句用would/could/should/might+动词原形。

例如：If I were you, I would ask him his telephone number.如果我是你，我会问他的电话号码的。

If I were you, I would help him 如果我是你，我会帮助他。

2.与过去事实相反：

从句had+动词过去分词，主句would/could/should/might+have+动词过去分词。

例如：If I had known, I wouldn't have done it. 假使我知道，我就不会做那件事。

If you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner! 如果你少说多吃，我们都会很享受那顿晚餐的！(新概念英语第二册第40课)

3. 与将来事实相反：

从句should/were to + 动词原形，主句would/could/should/might+动词原形

例如：If it should rain, the crops might be saved. 如果下雨，庄稼就有救了。

If it should rain tomorrow, I shall not [shan't, won't] come 万一明天下雨，我就不来。

三、if引导宾语从句，表示“是不是。”基本等同于whether

例如：Ask him if it is true 问他那是不是真的

I wonder if he is in the school 我不知道他是否在学校

三、虚拟语气

虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：

1、虚拟条件句。

2、名词性虚拟语气。

3、虚拟语气的其他用语。

一、虚拟条件句：

条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。

1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：

If 主语+过去时，主语+should(could, would, 或might)+动词原形，如：

If I were you, I would study hard.

If it rained, I would not be here now.

2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：

If 主语+had+过去分词，主语+should(could, would, 或might)+have+过去分词，如：

If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.

If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.

3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：

+do，主语+should(could…)+ 原形 do

过去时(与现在事实条件句一样)。

If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.

If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.

If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.

注意问题：

1、If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。

2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。

3、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：

Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.

Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.

Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.

二、名词性虚拟语气：

在表示命令、建议要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：主语+(should)+动词原形，如：Mother insisted that John go to bed at 9 o’clock.(宾语从句)

We suggested that the meeting should not be held.

It was required that the crops should be harvested at once.(主语从句)

The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.(同位语从句)

That is their demand that their wages be increased.(表语从句)

注意：在这种句子中绝不出现“would”“must”“could”等。

三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：

1、wish后的宾语从句：

与现在愿望不一致 主语+过去时；I wish I were you.

与过去愿望不一致 主语+had+过去分词；I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the states.

与未来愿望不一致 主语+would(could)+原形。I wish I could meet you tomorrow at the party.

2、It’s time句型：当It’s time后用that从句时应该为：主语+should+原形 或 主语+过去时，例如：

It’s time that you went to school. 或It’s time that you should go to school.

3、If only引起的感叹句相当于“How I wish+宾语从句”

If only he could come! 他要能来就好了。

If only I had known the answer! 我要早知答案就好了。

4、would rather, as if(though)引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，如：

I’d rather you posted the letter right away.

I’d rather you had returned the book yesterday.

She loves the children as if they were hers.

Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.

5、without, but, but for, otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。

Without you, I would never know him.

But for your cooperation, we wouldn’t have done the work so well. = If it were not for your cooperation, we we wouldn’t have done the work so well.

注： without / but for … = If it weren’t not for…/ If it hadn’t been for …., sb …..

But that she was afraid, she would have said no.

I would be most glad to help you, but I’ am busy now.

I am busy now; otherwise I would do you the favor!

四、名词

一、名词的。种类：

1、专有名词：

1)China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack(不加冠词)

2)the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the People’s Republic of China, the United States等。(由普通名词构成的专有名词，要加定冠词。)

2、普通名词

1)不可数名词

注意：?不可数名词前一般不加冠词，尤不加不定冠词：若加a(an)则使之具体化了。

如：have a wonderful time.

?不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

?不可数名词一般无复数形式。部分物质名词在表不同类别时，可用复数形式。

如：fishes, newspapers, waters, snows……

| | |

各种各样的鱼 各种报纸 河湖、海水 积雪

有些抽象名词也常用复数，变为可数的具体的事物。如：times时代，works著作，difficulties困难

在表数量时，常用“of”词组来表示。如：a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper….

2)可数名词：

可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外，一般都要加冠词：A birdcaufly.

The frog is a kind of hibernating animal.

Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh.

有复数形式：

a)规则变化——加“s”或“es”(与初中同，略)

b)不规则变化——child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men),

woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen),

phenomenon(phenomena)…

注意：

c)单、复数同形：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish(同一种鱼)……。如，a sheep, two sheep

d)只用复数形式： thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes,…

e)形复实单：physics, politics, maths, news, plastics(塑料)，means.

f)形单实复：people (人民，人们)，the police, cattle等

g)集合名词如：family, public, group, class等。当作为整体时，为单数；当作为整体中的各个成员时，为复数。如： My family is a big one. My family are music lovers.

h)复合名词变复数时，

(a)只把复合名词中的主体各词变为复数形式。如：sister(s)-in-law嫂子，弟妹；step-son (s)继子；editor (s) -in-chief总编辑。

(b)如没有主体名词则在最后一个词的后面加“s”。如：grown-up(s)成年人，go-between(s)中间人

(c)woman, man作定语时，要与被修饰的名词的数一致。如：a man servant—men servants, a woman doctor—women doctors

二、名词的所有格：

1、表有生命的东西(人或动物)的名词所有格，一般在名词后加“’s”。如：Mike’s bag, Children’s Day, my brother’s room, women’s rights…

注意：1)名词复数的词尾是-s或-es，它的所有格只在词后加“s”。如：Teachers’ Day, the workers’ rest-home(工人疗养院)，the students’ reading-room

2)复合名词的所有格，在后面的词后加“’s”。如：her son-in-law’s photo(她女婿的照片);anybody else’s book(其他任何人的书)

3)如果一样东西为两人或两人以上共有，则在最后的一个名词后面加“’s”; 如果不是共有，则每个词后都要加“’s”。如：Jane and Helen’s room. 珍妮和海伦的房间(共有). Bill’s and Tom’s radios. 比尔的收音机和汤姆的 收音机(不共有)

4)表地点(店铺，某人的家等)的名词所有格后面，一般省去它所修饰的名词。如：the tailor’s (裁缝铺) the doctor’s (诊所) Mr Brown’s (布朗先生的家)

5)有些表时间、距离、国家、城镇的无生命的名词，也可加“’s”表所有格。

如：half an hour’s walk (半小时的路程) China’s agriculture (中国的农业)

2、表示无生命的东西的名词一般与of构成词组，表示所有格。如：the cover of the book

3、表示有生命的东西的名词也可以用of，特别是名词较长，有较多的定语时。如：

the story of Dr Norman Bethune

Do you know the name of the boy standing at the gate?

4、“of词组+所有格”的用法：

在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词(如：a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those等)时，常用“of词组+所有格”的形式来表示所有关系。如：

a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一位朋友。

some inventions of Edison’s 爱迪生的一些发明

those exercise-books of the students’ 学生们的那些练习本。

五、时态

现在进行时：

1 表示正在进行的动作

2 表示现阶段正在做的事

3 表示将要做的事

结构：主 + am/is/are + doing

一般过去时：过去某一时间点进行的动作

结构： 主 + did

一般将来时： 表示对将来的打算

结构： 主 + will/shall + do

现在完成时： 表示发生在过去对现在产生影响的动作

结构： 主 + have/has done

过去进行时： 表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作

结构： 主 + was/were + doing

将来进行时： 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作

结构： 主+ will/shall + be doing

过去完成时： 表示动作在过去某一时间点之前已经完成 (过去的过去，通常与一般过去时互为主从句)

结构： 主 + had done

将来完成时： 表示到未来某一时间将已经完成的动作

结构： 主 + will/shall + have done

现在完成进行时： 表示动作从过去开始，持续到现在，对现在造成影响

结构： 主 + have/has + been doing

将来完成进行时：表示状况将一直持续到说话人所提及的时间

结构：主 + will have + been doing

过去完成进行时：表示动作在过去更早的某一时间段内持续进行，并对过去产生影响。

结构：主 + had + been doing