初中英语定语从句例子精编5篇

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初中英语定语从句例子1

1.由who引导的定语从句中， who用作主语，如： This is the boy whooften helps me.

2.由whom引导的定语从句中，whom用作宾语，如：The man whom you are waiting forhas gone home.

3.由whose引导的定语从句中， whose用作定语，如： Do you know the girlwhose skirt is white?

4.由which引导的定语从句中，which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语，如：

The room in which there is amachine is a work shop.

The river which is in front of myhouse is very clean.

This is the pen which you want.

注意：

(1)whom, which用作介词宾语时，介词可放在 whom、which之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上；但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。如： He is the very person whom we must take good careof.

(2)引导非限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词which，不用that,如：I have lost

my bag, which I like very much.

(3)关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。

5.由that引导的定语从句中，that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语，如：

The book that I bought yesterdaywas written by Lu Xun.

(1)先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much,something, nothing, anything等，如：

All that we have to do isto practise English.

(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，如

The first letter that I got from him will be kept.

(3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few,little, no, some等修饰，如

I've eaten up all the foodthat you gave me.

(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, thelast修饰时如

He is the only person that I wantto talk with.

(5)先行词既有人又有物时，如：

They talked about persons andthings that they met.

(6)当句中已有who时，为避免重复，如： Who is the man thatis giving us the class?

6.由when, where, why引导的定语从句，如：

I don't know the reason why hewas late.

This is the place where we havelived for 5 years.

I'll never forget the day when Imet Mr Li for the first time.

注意：先行词是表示地点时，如果从句的谓语动词是及物的，就用 that(which)，如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的，就用where引导。This is the house Which /that hehas lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)

7. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

(1)限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, of which等，这些关系代词都不能省略。

(2)非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句，不影响主句意思的完整，一般用逗号把主句和从句分开，关系代词用 which,不用that;指人时可用who,如： I have two brothers, who are both students.

8.如何简化定语从句

(1).定语从句简化为形容词或形容词短语作后置定语。如：

My grandfather lives in a village that is far away from here.

→My grandfather lives in a villagefar away from here.我祖父住在离这儿很远的一个村子。

This is a book that is worth reading.

→This is a book worth reading. 这是一本值得看的书。

(2)定语从句简化为现在分词或现在分词短语作前置或后置定语。

The man who is standing under the tree is our English teacher.

→The man standing under the treeis our English teacher.

站在树下面的那个人是我们的英语老师。

I saw the house that was burning at that time.→I saw the burning house at thattime.

当时我看到那房子在燃烧。

(3)定语从句简化为过去分词短语作后置定语。

I like to see the films which are directed by Zhang Yimou.→I like to see the films directedby Zhang Yimou. 我喜欢看张艺谋导演的电影。

She is the girl who was praised at the school meeting.→She is the girl praised at theschool meeting. 她就是在校会上受表彰的那个女孩。

(4)定语从句简化为不定式作后置定语。

He is always the first person that comes to school.→He is always the first person tocome to school.他总是第一个到校。

The report which will be given tomorrow is important to us.→The report to be given tomorrowis important to us. 明天要作的报告对我们很重要。

(5)定语从句简化为what 从句。

I couldn't remember the words that he said.→I couldn't remember what he said.

我记不得他说的话。

典型例题解析

例 1 The second book ______I wantto read is Business @ the Speed of Thought.

A. which B. what C. that D. as

解析先行词 book被序数词修饰时要用that引导定语从句，故选C。

例 2 I'll never forget the days_____I stayed with you.

A. when B. in which C. that which

解析本题指时间，故选 A。

例 3 The book______ is sold out atthe moment.

A. you need B. what you need

C. which you need it D. that youneed it

解析 B、C、D中的what和it与先行The book相抵触，故选 A。

例 4 Is this the place______Lincoln once lived.

A. that B. which C. where D. when

解析本题指地点，故选 C。

例 5 I'm one of the boys_________ never late for school.

A. that is B. who are C. who amD. who is

解析本题中 who用作主语，谓语动词与先行词theboys保持一致，故选B。

初中英语定语从句例子2

一 . 误用关系词

1. I'll never forget the days when we spent together on the farm.

2. This is the factory where he was invited to visit last month.

分析：定语从句的先行词是表示时间或地点的名词或代词时，引导定语从句的关系词不一定都是 when 或 where 。关系词的选择主要取决于定语从句中的谓语动词。如果从句的谓语动词是及物动词而且其后没有宾语，就用关系代词 that 或 which 作宾语。如果从句的谓语动词是不及物动词或者是后面已经有了宾语的及物动词，就用关系副词。在句 1 和句 2 中，从句谓语动词 spent 和 visit 都是及物动词，而且后面又没有宾语，所以应分别将 when 和 where 改为 that 或 which 。

二 . 宾语重复

1. As we all know it, the earth is round.

2. The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see it carried out the next month.

分析：如果关系代词在从句中作宾语，则谓语动词后面就不能再有宾语。在句 1 中，关系代词 as 作从句谓语动词 know 的宾语，因此， it 就是多余的，应去掉。在句 2 中，关系代词 that 在从句中作动词 see 的宾语，因此 it 也是多余的，应去掉。

三 . 缺少先行词或关系词

1. Is this park where his father works?

初中英语定语从句例子3

一、定语从句的概念

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

二、定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

三、定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

四、关系代词的用法

1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）

The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）

用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）

The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）

， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）

Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）

注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：

This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：

This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。

（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：

The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。

（4）关系词只能用that的情况：

a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。

b.被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？

c.先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：

Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？

f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：

a.先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：

What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？

b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：

This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。

c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that.例如：

Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

五、关系副词的用法

（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：

This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：

This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。

（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

单项填空。

1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father？

-Yes， he’s our headmaster.

A. he B. who C. which D. whom

2. Is this the river _____I can swim？

A. which B. in which C. that D. the one

3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.

A. where B. which C. that D. it

4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day？

A. that you bought B. you bought it

C. that you bought it D. which you bought it

5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.

A. which agrees B. who agree

C. who agrees D. which agree

6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.

A. that B. it C. which who

7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate

A. who’s B. whose C. that of which.

8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.

A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was

9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.

A. that B. which C. where D. who

10. The world ______ is made up of matter.

A. in that we live B. on which we live

C. where we live in D. we live in

Ⅱ. 用适当的关系代词that， which， who， whom填空。

1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.

2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.

3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.

4. The house _____we live in is very old.

5. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now？

参考答案：

I. 1-5BBCAC 6-10 ABCCD

Ⅱ. 1. that 2. which / that 3. who / that 4. that / which 5. who/ whom/ that

通过上述的讲解再对下面的习题进行练习，以巩固自己所学到的东西。

初中英语语法大全：动词的种类

关于英语中动词的种类知识，希望同学们很好的掌握下面的内容学习。

动词的种类

动词是表示动作或状态的词，按其词义和在句子中的作用可分为行为动词，连系动词，助动词和情态动词。

1．行为动词

行为动词可分为及物动词 (vt)和不及物动词(vi)，及物动词表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能单独作谓语，后跟宾语；不及物动词表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能单独作谓语，但后面不能直接跟宾语，如要带宾语则与介词或副词构成短语。

如：

More and more people study English.(vt)

The students are listening to the teacher carefully.(vi)

2．连系动词

连系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有 be, get, turn, become, look, feel, grow, seem, sound, taste, smell等。

如：

Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.

It feels damp.

3．助动词

助动词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示否定，疑问及动词的时态、语态、人称和数等语法特征，助动词有 be,do,have,shall,will等。

如：

How do you usually come to school?

The children are playing yo-yo now.

4．情态动词

情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词有 can (could),may(might),must, need, ought to, dare等。

如：

Can I help you?

- Must we go now? -No, you needn't .

a. can与be able to的用法有所区别。can只用于一般现在时和过去时，指本身有能力的"能"；be able to用于各种时态均可，指须经过努力而"能"。

b. must与have/has to的用法。must表示说话人主观认为"必须"，只用于一般现在时和一般将来时；have/has to表示客观需要，意为"不得不"，它可用于各种时态。

c．need和dare既可作情态动词也可作行为动词。

以上对动词的种类知识的内容讲解学习，相信同学们已经能很好的掌握了吧，希望同学们在考试中取得很好的成绩。

初中英语语法大全：动词不定式的形式

对于英语的学习中，关于动词不定式的形式知识点的内容，我们做下面的讲解学习哦。

动词不定式的'形式

1．作主语。 如：

To learn English is very important.

但实际上不定式作主语常用 it来作形式主语，而将不定式移至谓语动词后作真正的主语。

如上句可表达为：

It's very important to learn English.

2．作表语。 如：

My idea is to ring him up at once.

3．作宾语。 如：

I have decided to go to Binjiang Primary School.

4．作宾语补足语。

a. ask, want, teach, tell, know, would like, allow等动词后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语。

如： The policemen asked him to get off the bus.

b. hear, see, look at, feel, watch, notice, listen to等动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。

如： We often see Miss Li clean the classroom.

c. let, make, have这些使役动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。但在被动语态中这些不带to的都须带上to。

如： In those days the bosses often made the workers work day and night.

d.动词help接动词不定式作宾语补足语，可带to也可不带to。

如： Can you help me (to) carry the heavy bag?

5．作定语。

a.与被修饰词有动宾关系。如：I have something important to tell you.但如果不定式动词为不及物动词，后面的介词千万不要省略。

如： Maybe they have three rooms to live in.

b.与被修饰词有主谓关系。

如： Mr Liang is always the first to come and the last to leave.

c.与被修饰之间只有修饰关系。

如： I have no time to play cards.

6．作状语，表示目的、原因、方法、方向、结果等。

如： I'll go to meet my friend at the railway station.

7．不定式复合结构"for sb. to do sth" 作主语时，常用"It is +adj+ for

of sb. to do sth"的句式。形容词good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, ice, clever,

right, wrong, careful等用"It is +adj +of sb. to do sth."

其他形容词用 for。

如：

It's dangerous for you to ride so fast.

It's very kind of you to help me.

8．动词不定式与疑问句who, what, which, when, how, where, whether等连用。

如： I don't know when to start.

He didn't tell me where to go.

但上面结构相当于一个从句，故上述句子也可表达为：

I don't know when we'll start.

He didn't tell me where he would go.

注意：

a.有些动词或动词短语不能带不定式，只能接动词的-ing形式。

如： enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss(错过),be busy, go on, keep on, be worth, practise等。

如： The peasants are busy picking apples.

Would you mind my opening the door?

b.有些动词后可接不定式，也可接动词的-ing形式，但意思不同。

如： Lu Jian forgot to post the letter.(该寄但还没做)

Lu Jian forgot posting the letter.(已经寄过信了)

They stopped to sing a song.(停止在做的工作而去做另一件工作)

They stopped singing.(停止正在做的工作)

希望上面对动词不定式的形式知识的内容讲解学习，同学们都能很好的掌握，相信同学们会取得很好的成绩的哦。

初中英语语法大全：短语动词的四种类型

同学们认真学习，下面是老师对短语动词的四种类型知识总结。

短语动词的四种类型

动词与介词、副词等构成的固定短语，叫短语动词。主要有四类：

一、动词+副词

有的一般不跟宾语，如go ahead, fall behind, get up, lie down, go up, run out, give in, stay up等；有的可以跟宾语，如put out, carry out, give up, wake up, check in, eat up, fill in, find out, fix up, hand in, mix up, look up, make out, turn down, work out等。

注意：宾语是名词时，放在副词前面或后面都可以，但若作宾语的是人称代词时，就只能放在动词和副词之间了。如：

We’ve decided to put the meeting off (=put off the meeting) . 我们决定把会议推迟。

We’ve decided to put it off. 我们决定将它推迟。(不说put off it)

二、动词+介词

如ask for, care for, call for, break into, deal with, call on, look for等。后面必须接宾语。如：

I don’t care for tea. 我不喜欢喝茶。

三、动词+副词+介词

如look forward to, put up with, looked up to, go in for, go along with, date back to, look down on, keep up with, add up to, run out of等。如：

She soon caught up with us. 她很快赶上了我们。

四、动词+名词+介词

如take care of, pay attention to, make use of, make contribution to做出贡献等。如：

Take care of your brother while I am away. 我不在的时候，你要照顾好你弟弟。

希望上面老师对短语动词的四种类型知识的讲解学习，同学们都能很好的掌握，相信同学们会学习的很好的哦。

初中英语语法大全：及物动词与不及物动词

关于英语中及物动词与不及物动词的知识学习，我们做下面的内容讲解。

及物动词与不及物动词

根据其后是否带宾语，动词可分为及物动词(带宾语)和不及物动词(不带宾语)。如：

When will he arrive? 他什么时候到？(arrive 不带宾语，为不及物动词)

He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京。(reach 带了宾语，为及物动词)

有的动词既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词：

The child is playing. 这小孩在玩。（不及物用法）

The child is playing the piano. 这小孩在弹钢琴。（及物用法）

He is writing. 他在写字。（不及物用法）

He is writing a letter. 他在写信。（及物用法）

The boy is reading. 这男孩在阅读。 （不及物用法）

The boy is reading a magazine. 这男孩在看杂志。（及物用法）

上面对及物动词与不及物动词知识的内容讲解学习，希望给同学们的学习很好的帮助，相信同学们会学习的更好的吧。

初中英语语法大全：实义动词与非实义动词

下面是对英语中实义动词与非实义动词知识的内容讲解，希望同学们很好的掌握。

实义动词与非实义动词

根据其含义和句子功用，动词可分为实义动词和非实义动词(包括时态助动词和情态助动词等)。如：

He bought a story book. 他买了一本故事书。(buy 为实义动词)

He has read the story book. 他已读过这本故事书。(has 为时态助动词，read为实意动词)

He should read the story book. 他应该读读这本故事书。(should 为情态助动词，red为实义动词)

上面对实义动词与非实义动词知识的内容讲解学习，相信同学们已经能很好的掌握了吧，希望同学们考试成功。

初中英语定语从句例子4

知识点总结

要学定语从句，得知道什么是定语。定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的。例如，a good book, good就是定语。那么复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句就叫做定语从句。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，相当于形容词，在句中作定语。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等，绝对没有what;关系副词有where, when, why,how等。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的某个成分。

一、关系代词引导的定语从句

1、由who, whom, that，Whose引导的从句

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，who作主语指人，whom作宾语指人，that既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用来指人或物，只用作定语。

（1） Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

（2） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

（3） The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师

（4） he man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。

2、由which, that引导的从句

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，作宾语时可以省略，例如：

（1）Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在从句中作主语）

（2）The package （which / that） you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。（which / that在从句中作宾语）

注意： 代表物时多用which，但在下列情况中用that而不用which：

a）先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时；

b）先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时，这时的that常被省略；

c）先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时；

d）先行词中既有人又有物时；

e）整个句中前面已有which，who,that时；

f）当先行词为物并作表语时；

g）先行词为one时；

h）先行词同时又被the only,the very,the same修饰时；

二、关系副词引导的定语从句

1、when指时间在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

2、where指地点在定语从句中做地点状语 Shanghai is the city where I was born.

3、why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语 ，用在reason 后面。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

常见考法

对于定语从句的考查，多以单选的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下，常从关系词的意义和功能的角度考查，重点是that,which,who引导的定语从句。

典型例题：You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.

A. who B. whom C. whom D. who

解析：先行词person后有两个定语从句，第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为， whom作从句中met的宾语，可以省略。第二个从句who could do 在从句中作主语，不可省略。

答案：D

初中英语定语从句例子5

初中英语定语从句练习题

请找出下列各句中的错误并加以改正。

1. This is the factory where we visited last week.

2. This is the watch for which Tom is looking.

3. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two.

4. The house in that we live is very small.

5. The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible for plants to grow.

6. I’ve read all the books which I borrowed from the library.

7. This is the best film which I have ever seen.

8. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country.

9. Everything which we saw was of great interest.

10. His dog, that was now very old, became ill and died.

11. The reason which he didn’t go to school is that he was ill.

12. Those who wants to go with me put up your hands.

13. The boy, his mother died last year, studies very hard.

14. I have two sisters, both of them are doctors.

15. We’re going to visit the school where your brother works there.

16. He is the only one of the students who have been invited to the English Evening.

17. That is the way which they work.

18. Those have questions can ask the teachers for advice.

19. Who is the man who has white hairs?

20. I will never forget the days which we had a good time together at the sea.

初中英语定语从句练习题答案与部分解析：

1. where→that/which或 去掉where。

2.把for放在looking之后。英语中，有些短语动词，介词或副词不可与动词相分离。又如：look after, run into等。

3. who→whom。尽管在口语中who, whom都能作宾语，但在介词后只能用whom。

4. that→which。

5. that→which。that不可以引导非限制性定语从句。

6. which→that或去掉which。当先行词被all, every, no,some, any, little等修饰时，常用that引导定语从句。

7. which→that或去掉which。当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或the only,the very等所修饰时，常用that引导定语从句。

8. who→that。如果先行词既 指人又指物时，常用that引导定语从句。

9. which→that或去掉which。当先行词为something, anything,everything, nothing, all等时，常由that引导定语从句。

10. that→which。

11. which→why/which前 加for或去掉which。

12. wants→want。定语从 句中谓语动词的数应与先行词一致。

13. his→whose。

14. them→whom或both前加and。

15.去掉there。

16. have→has。当one of+名词复数作先行词时，从句的谓语用复数；但是当one前有the (only)时，从句谓语要用单数。

17. which→that/which前加in或去掉which。

18. Those后加who。

19.第二个who→that。当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，定语从句常用that引导，以避免重复。

20. which→when或which前加in