8年级英语下册知识点总结通用3篇
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8年级英语下册知识点总结 篇1
1、 lie
动词,意为“躺”,过去式和过去分词分别为lay和lain,现在分词为lying。
I found he was lying on the ground.我发现他躺在地上。
【拓展】 (1)lie有“位于”的意思。
A temple lies on the top of the mountain.一座寺庙位于山顶之上。
(2)lie作动词时,也可意为“撒谎”,过去式和过去分词是规则的,均为lied。lie也可用作名词,意为“谎言”。
Don’t lie to me.不要向我撒谎。
The boy told a lie to me.这个男孩向我撒了谎。
(3)英语中,部分以-ie结尾的动词的-ing形式必须改ie为y再加-ing。
die → dying tie → tying lie → lying
2、 hope
hope意为“希望”,用于表示有可能实现的愿望,其后可接不定式或宾语从句,但表达“希望别人做某事”时,则需用hope that从句。
I hope you can pass the exam.我希望你能通过考试。
【拓展】hope与wish的辨析:
so hope+ to do sth.注意:没有hope sb. to do sth.的用法
that从句表示很有可能实现的主观愿望
for sth.
sb. to do sth.能接sb.的复合结构
wish+ sb. sth.能接双宾语
to do sth.可与hope互换
that从句用虚拟语气表示不太可能实现的愿望
My mother wishes/hopes to find her lost watch swh..
我妈妈希望在什么地方找到她丢失的手表。
I wish you to finish the work in time.我希望你及时完成这项工作。
3、 advice
advice是不可数名词,意为“意见、建议、劝告、忠告”,不能与不定冠词a连用。
a piece of advice一条建议
Let me give you some advice.让我给你一些建议。
Thanks for your advice about the house.谢谢你关于房子的建议。
【拓展】
(1)give advice (on)给…提(有关…)的建议
Can you give me some advice on how to learn English well.
你能给我一些关于如何学好英语的建议吗?
(2)take one’s advice听从某人的建议
I’ll take your advice, and do exercise every day.
我会听从你的建议,每天锻炼身体。
(3)advise是advice的动词形式,意为“建议”,常用于advise sb. to do sth.的结构中。
He advised me to read English every morning.他建议我每天早晨读英语。
4、 should
should是情态动词,意为“应当,应该”。表示义务、责任,可用于各种人称,无人称和数的变化,也不能单独作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语,表示说话人的语气和情态;否定形式为should not,缩写为shouldn’t。其主要用法有:
(1)表示责任和义务,意为“应该”。
You should take your teacher’s advice.你应该听从你老师的建议。
You shouldn’t be late for class.你不应该上课迟到。
(2)表示推断,意为“可能,该”。
The train should have already left.火车可能已经离开了。
(3)当劝某人做或不做某事时,常用should do sth.或shouldn’t do sth.,比must和ought to更加委婉。
You should brush your teeth vefore you go to bed.你在睡觉前应该刷牙。
5、 need
(1)need作实义动词,意为“需要,必然”,有人称、时态及数的变化。
sb./sth.需要某人/某物
need+ to do sth.需要做某事
doing需要(被)做
He needs some help.他需要些帮助。
You didn’t need to come so early.你不必来这么早。
The flowers need watering.花需要浇水。
(2)need也可作情态动词,意为“需要,必须”,没有人称、数和时态的变化,后接动词原形,多用于否定句和疑问句中。
He need not go at once.他不必立刻走。
Need he go at once?他必须立刻走吗?
用must提问的句子,其否定回答常用needn’t。
— Must he hand in his homework this morning?
他必须今天上午交作业吗?
— No, he needn’t.不,不必了。
【拓展】
need to do和need doing的辨析:
need to do sth.意为“需要干某事”,是自己主动去干某事;need doing其主语是物,含有被动的意义,相当于need to be done。
The student needs to do his homework as soon as he gets home.
那个学生需要一回家就做家庭作业。
My computer needs repairing.我的电脑需要修理。
6、 until
until意为“直到…”,有下列用法:
(1)作介词,后接时间名词,在句中作时间状语。
(2)作连词,后接从句,引导时间状语从句。
We waited until the rain stopped.我们等到雨停了。
She stayed there until 9 o’clock.她一直等到9点钟。
【拓展】
(1)until用在肯定句中,多与持续性的动词连用表示某动作持续到某时,until相当于till。如stand、wait、stay等,表示主句动作的终止时间。
(2)until可用于否定句中,即not…until…意为“直到…才”,常与非延续性动词连用。如open、start、leave、arrive等,强调主句动作开始时间。
The child didn’t go to bed until his father came back.
直到父亲回来,那个孩子才睡觉。
You’d better wait until the rain stops.你最好等到雨停。
7、 have a cold
have a cold是动词短语,意为“患感冒,伤风”,也可以说成catch a cold/get a cold或take a cold。其中have表示“患病,得病”,不能用于进行时态,但可与一段时间连用,表示状态;而catch/get a cold则表示瞬时动作,不能同一段时间连用。
cold在此是名词,意为“伤风、感冒”。
I have had a cold for three days.我感冒三天了。
此句也可以表达为:I caught/got a cold three days ago.
cold还可做形容词,意为“冷的,寒冷的”。
A cold wind was coming down the valley.有一股冷风正吹进山谷。
【拓展】
表示人体某部位“痛”时的几种结构:
(1)have a+身体部位名词后加-ache构成。
have a headache头痛have a toothache牙痛
have a stomachache胃痛
(2)have a sore+身体部位名词。
have a sore throat喉咙痛have a sore arm胳膊痛
have a sore foot脚痛
sore是形容词,意为“疼痛的”,通常放在表示身体部位的词前,表示哪个部位疼痛。
(3)身体部位+ hurt/ache。
My eyes hurts.我眼睛痛。
My legs ache.我腿疼。
(4)have a pain in/on+the+身体部位。
I have a pain in the arm.我胳膊痛。
(5)There is something wrong with+one’s+身体部位。
There is something wrong with your eyes.你的眼睛有毛病。
8、 feel well
(1)feel是系动词,后接形容词作表语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征。
I feel tired.我感觉累了。
【拓展】
类似feel这种用法的词还有:look(看上去)、smell(闻起来)、sound(听起来)、taste(品尝)、get(变得)、grow(变得)等。
(2)well在此是形容词,意为“身体健康的”,在句中作表语。
I don’t think you are a really well man, so you should do more exercise.
我认为你不是真正健康的人,所以你应该多锻炼。
9、 too much
too much在课文中作形容词,意为“太多,过于”,后接不可数名词,也可作代词短语。much是形容词,意为“许多的,大量的”。
I had too much. I’m full now.我吃的太多了,现在饱了。
【拓展】
too much、too many、much too的辨析:
不要吃太多的糖,对牙齿不好。
There are too many books in the room. You can choose any one to read.
房间里有太多的书了,你可以选择任何一本来读。
It’s much too cold outside. You should put on your coat.
外面太冷了,你应该穿上外套。
10、 a few、a little、few、ittle
He is new here. So he has few friends.他是新来的,所以几乎没有朋友。
Peter has just been away for a few minutes. Peter刚离开几分钟。
There is a little milk in the fridge. We can buy it tomorrow.
冰箱里还有一点牛奶,我们可以明天去买。
11、become、get
become常用于书面语,表示由一个状态向另一个状态的变化,强调变化“结果”。
get多用于口语中,指短时间的变化,其后通常接形容词的比较级,表示变化的过程。
He became a doctor.他成了一名医生。
It’s getting/become warmer.天气渐渐暖和起来了。
12、at the moment表示“此刻、现在、此时”,同义词是now,是现在进行时态的标志词。
She is doing her homework at the moment.他现在正在做作业。
We are very busy at the moment.我们现在非常忙。
【拓展】
in a moment=very soon尽快、立刻
for a moment此刻、一会儿
13、ago与before的区别
ago做副词,指“(从现在算起多长时间)以前”,一般用于过去时态中。其前通常是时间段。
I visited him two days ago.我两天前拜访了他。
We started our class about ten minutes ago.
我们大约十分钟前开始上课的。
before通常用来表示在某个时间点之前,也可单独用做状语,而ago则不能单独使用。
We began to climb the hill before eight o’clock.我们八点前开始爬山的。
8年级英语下册知识点总结 篇2
1、 want do sth.意为“想要某人做某事”。
否定形式为:want sb. not to do sth.想让某人不要做某事
want的用法还有:want sth.想要什么
want to do sth.想要做某事
She wants a cup of tea.她想要一杯茶。
They want to go home.他们想要回家。
He wants me to help him.他想要我帮他。
【拓展】 want后接动词不定式时,相当于would like。
want (sb.)to do sth.=would like (sb.)to do sth.
2、 be good for意为“对…有好处,对…有益处”,介词for后接名词或代词。其反义词为be bad for,意为“对…有害处”。
Junk food is not good for our health.垃圾食品对我们的健康没有好处。
Smoking is bad for you.吸烟对你有害。
【拓展】
(1)be good to“对…好”,其反义短语为be bad to“对…不好”。介词to之后一般接表示人的名词或代词。
She is very good to us.她对我们很好。
The boss is bad to his workers.那个老板对他的工人不好。
(2)be good at“在…方面擅长”,介词at后面常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式,同义短语为do well in。
She is good at English and Chinese. = She does well in English and Chinese.她擅长英语和汉语。
(3)be good with“和…相处得好;擅于和…相处”。
Are you good with children?你和孩子们相处得好吗?
3、 try to do sth.
try为动词,意为“试图;设法;努力”。指付出一定努力去做某事。
try (not)to do sth.努力(不)做某事、尽力(不)做某事
try doing sth.尝试做某事
try out实验try on试穿(鞋、衣服等)
try one’s best to do sth.尽某人最大努力去干…
I try to answer the question.我尽力回答这个问题。
He tried swimming across the river.他试着游过河去。
She is trying on a new dress.她正在试穿一件新连衣裙。
We should try our best to study English well.
我们应尽我们最大努力学好英语。
try作名词,意为“尝试;试图”。
Let me have a try.让我试一试。
4、 help sb. (to)do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”。
同义词组为help sb. with sth.
He helps me (to)learn English.= He helps me with my English.
他帮助我学习英语。
【拓展】
(1)help sb. with sth.在某事上帮助某人
My maths teacher helps me with my maths.
我的数学老师在数学上帮助我。
(2)help也可以作名词,作名词时常用于下列短语:
with one’s help= with the help of在…的帮助下
With Mary’s help, I made rapid progress in English learning.
= With the help of Mary, I made rapid progress in English learning.
在Mary的帮助下,我在英语学习方面进步很快。
5、 the same as/ be different from
the same as意为“和…一样/相同”
I am in the same school as my younger sister.我和我的妹妹在同一所学校。
be different from意为“与…不同”
Saying a thing is very different from doing it.
说一件事和做一件事很不相同。
the same…as…意为“同…一样…”,是一常用搭配,same是形容词,做定语,其前总有the.
Her hair is the same color as her mother’s.她头发的颜色和她妈妈的一样。
6、 keep in good health意为“保持健康”
If you want to keep in good health, you should eat more fruit and vegetables.
如果你想保持健康,你应该多吃水果和蔬菜。
health是不可数名词,意为“健康(状况)”,常用于“be in good(poor/bad)health”短语中,表示“身体好(不好)”。
Health is better than wealth.健康胜于财富。
healthy做形容词,意为“健康的”,它是名词health+y构成的形容词,类似的词有:windy、cloudy、sunny、funny、snowy等。
unhealthy意为“不健康的”,是由“un+adj.”构成的`形容词。un-为否定前缀。类似的有:
happy高兴的—unhappy不高兴的fair公平的—unfair不公平的
【拓展】
(1)keep是动词,意为“保持…(持续的)状态”,其后常跟形容词、副词、介词短语或动词的-ing形式。
keep doing sth.继续做某事
keep (sb. / sth.)+形容词(使某人)保持某种状态
keep sb./sth.+介词短语使…处于某种状态
keep sb. / sth. from doing sth.阻止,保护…不受
keep on doing sth.反复做某事
You should keep quiet.你们应该保持安静。
He keeps at home because it is hot.他一直待在家里,因为天气太热了。
(2)keep的相关短语:
keep up with赶上keep a shop开商店
keep an eye on照看
7、kind of常用于口语,意为“有点儿,有几分”,多用于修饰形容词或副词,表程度。
He looked kind of angry.他看上去有点生气了。
kind还可表示“种类”。
There are all kinds of shoes in the shoe shop.鞋店里有各种各样的鞋。
8年级英语下册知识点总结 篇3
have a cold感冒sore back背痛
sore throat咽喉痛lie down and rest躺下休息
see a dentist看牙医drink lots of water多喝水
hot tea with honey加蜂蜜的热茶That’s a good idea好主意
That’s too bad太糟糕了I think so我认为如此
get some rest多休息stressed out筋疲力尽
to eat a balance diet饮食平衡healthy food健康食品
enjoy sth.=like sth.喜欢某物enjoy doing sth. =like dong sth喜欢做某事
practice doing sth.练习做某事mind doing sth.介意做某事,
finish doing sth.完成某事give up doing sth.放弃做某事
can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事keep ding sth.坚持做某事.
practice, mind, finish, give up, can’t help, keep与enjoy用法基本相似
at the moment = now此刻Host family东道家庭
Conversation practice会话练习neck and neck并驾齐驱,齐头并进
a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式traditional Chinese doctors传统中医
a balance of yin and yang阴阳调和You have too much yin.你阴气太盛
I have no idea = I don’t know我不知道
stay healthy =keep healthy=keep in good health = keep fit保持健康
enjoy oneself =have a good/ wonderful time=have fun玩得高兴,过得愉快
I have a stomachache.= I have got a stomachache.= My stomach hurts.
=There is something wrong with my stomach.
= I have (got) a pain in my stomach.我胃痛
What’s the matter? = What’s the trouble (with you)? = What’s your trouble?
= What’s wrong (with you)? =What’ the matter (with you)?
=What has happened to you? =Is there anything wrong (with you)?
= what’s up?怎么了?
I’m not feeling well. = I’m not feeling fine/all right. = I’m feeling ill/sick.
=I feel terrible/bad.= I don’t feel well.我觉得不太舒服