分析材料4篇

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分析报告1

This report aims to analyze competitiveness of internet industry in Australia using five forces model. Competition is more intensive between Telstra and Optus which have a remarked position in the market. The existence of several small operators and growing use of ADSL and wireless are good substitutes of cable solutions. Telstra's apparent government protection is yet a barrier for new entrants including Optus. This also imposes reduced bargaining power of retailers and high charges attached to their supply. The industry is relatively new in Australia and is still growing and offering more opportunities in remote regions. A new market structure has been demanded by operators in order to activate competition and reduce monopoly of fixed line services. Australian Government has been positively reacted by launching a new National Broadband Network (NBN) program although it has not yet selected the operators of this NBN.

AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Gathering information about the ISP industry was progressed through the use of the internet and its purpose was to understand the structure and the prospect of its industry. Numerous information were therefore obtained from company websites, industry and IT news articles, government websites, academic journals, announcements and report from companies, and recent industry reports.

As to effective and efficient ISP industry analysis, it was necessary to get superior and useful information which can be applied to Porter's five forces analysis as the key theory in this report. The information was utilised to determine competitiveness of the ISP industry and to analyse framework of the five forces, including internal rivalry, threat of entry, substitutes, supplier power, and buyer power (Appendix 1).

Several statistic data from Australian government websites was especially used for comparative analysis to research on specific factors such as market share of the ISP industry. Moreover, the information obtained from various sources was used for the market research in order to accomplish an accurate analysis of the ISP industry.

ANALYSIS USING PORTER'S FIVE FORCES

rivalry

The rapid growth in internet demand combined with relatively easy entry in Australian market in last ten years has contributed for a diversified yet heterogeneous supply. The industry is characterized by a proliferation of small business operators though dominated by small number of large firms. From a total number of 770 operators at end of 2007 less than 5% had 10,000 customers and nearly % could be considered very large with 100,000 clients (TIO statistics cited in Collins, L., Love, P., Landfeldt, B. and Coroneos, P., 2008).

Although several regulatory attempting of the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) to boost competition, this is still regarded by operators as insufficient as it emphasizes on ULL and DSLAMs facilities rather than on resale. This undermines ISPs providers with large number of resale customers. Competition is described to be more accentuated among few very large operators and particularly between Telstra and Optus. Telstra Bigpond dominated market representing 34% of ADSL and proportionally shared cable market with Optus - 7% in 2007. Other retailers absorbed the remaining 49% of ADSL and 4% cable (Bharat Book Bureau, online assessed). The monopoly of Telstra in network of fixed lines provision is a crucial bottleneck for economic performance of operators (Paul O'Sulivan CEO Optus speech on 21/10/08, Bharat Book Bureau assessed online).

Owing to heavy initial investment and operational costs in this industry, only large players can obtain considerable profit margin. Indeed their large scale enables them to offer services with more standardized quality and at lower prices. Therefore they can attract and retain customers more successfully (Madden, G., Savage, and Coble-Neal, G., 1999). Conversely, small players with their limited capacity can only operate as redistributors of larger industries offering added value services at higher charges. Transmission and interconnection costs are in general the primary costs for all operators (ABS 1997) and customer's easy migration from dial-up to broadband internet seems to squeeze margins. However customer's loyalty and intensive promotion campaigns can sustain leader's market margins. Telecommunication is described by Budde, P. 2005 as a commodity industry requiring very large scales to operate profitably.

of Entry

The ISP industry in Australia has gradually grown in recent years as home and business access to the internet has been increasing continuously (Appendix 2) and it entails significant economies of sales (DBCDE, 2008) (Appendix 3).

The entrants need to attempt to overcome the cost advantage of incumbents because incumbents derive the cost advantage from economies of scope (Besanko, 2000). Entrants need to achieve a market share to reach minimum efficient scale via establishing their brand loyalty. However, the large ISPs generally have already established a strong reputation and brand awareness with the large number of retailers and it results in that incumbents can have an advantage over the entrants.

No matter what types of the internet, ISPs must use the existing telephone line to provide the internet to customers. However, incumbents such as Telstra control infrastructure of cable, local loop, and telephone line networks in Australia (Howell, 2002). It functions as a barrier to enter into the broadband market because they have to use the existing telephone line to provide the internet to customers (Optus, 2008).

The Australian government has been carrying out a policy as NBN (National Broadband Network) to provide high-speed internet for 98 percent of Australian homes and businesses (DBCDE, 2008). It is therefore regarded as that the government encourages the internet business. However, there has been a protection of incumbents by the government. For instance, Telstra had a monopoly in DSL for several years and it causes Telstra having been affecting anti-competition on the broadband market. Therefore, entrants such as Optus and other competitors had difficulties to enter the market in 2004. They have demanded new structural features to limit the market power of Telstra to activate competitive market (Browne, 2008).

The substitutes for DSL technology in Australia are wireless, cable, satellite and other non dial-up technologies. As at June quarter of 2008, non dial-up technologies (including mainly DSL, wireless, cable and satellite) are so popular that the number of subscribers amounts to 78% of total internet subscribers in Australia (ABS 2008) (Figure, Appendix 3). It is thanks to non-dial up technology that nowadays consumers can access the internet with greater speeds and 'always on' connections and without tying up or paying extra costs for their phone lines. Within the expanding internet market over the reported periods, DSL is the dominant technology with 70% of the market share for non dial-up (ABS 2008) (Figure, Appendix 4). In comparison to wireless and other non dial-up technologies, DSL has the advantages of fastest speeds (especially with the new ADSL2 and ADSL2+), lowest costs and high quality. Moreover, DSL is more attractive to consumers in terms of price in the non dial-up competition. This is simply because there are many small ISPs offering ADSL (and currently increasing on ADSL2, 2+) but less on wireless and just two (Telstra and Optus) offering cable (ABS 2008). However, the six-month period from Dec quarter 2007 to Jun quarter 2008 has seen a significant growth in wireless market share (almost double from 8% to 14%) and as a result, a decrease in DSL share (ABS 2008). The increasing of wireless proportion over the reported period's signals that wireless technology may be a potential substitute for DSL in Australia in the future.

power

The reasons for a certain supplier to gain the bargaining power include: the main production factors are only supplied by a few manufacturers, and no substitutes to be found; and at the same time, this industry is deficient to upgrade its production capability to produce the product by itself (Porter, 1980). The most important production factor in the ISP industry is Broadband (Appendix 5). Currently, there are two suppliers providing broadband service, namely Fixed Lines and Cable TV network, the latter provides broadband of the cable modem, while the former provides nearly all the broadband of wire connections.

No matter it is Fixed Lines or Cable TV, they both enjoy the trait of scale economy, which is dominated by a few of leading companies or groups, such as Telstra and Optus (Minder, 2006) and( Morris, 2007). With the fast development of Internet, ADSL has emerged as the high-speed Internet service (Finneran. M., 2003). Recent research shows that Telstra Bigpond occupies the market by 34% of ADSL, and Optus takes up 7% in the cable market, while leaving 49% of ADSL and 4% cable in 2007 for other dealers (Bharat Book Bureau, online assessed).

While the ISP industries are failed to upgrade its service and set up Broadband by its own, the Broadband providers are easily to downgrade with the ISP industries. For this reason, Broadband suppliers enjoy the power to bargain with the ISP industries. What is worth noting is the fact that due to the open-up of the network of fixed line service, fixed network providing are developing rapidly, from the very few providers in the past to a number of the current providers, Optus, Telstra Bigpond, iiNet, Dodo, Vodafone, Virgin etc. Among which, Telstra enjoys the highest profit as a telecommunications company (Asialaw, 2008). This indicates that the bargaining power of the internet service providers will decrease with the liberalization of the telecommunication industry.

power

With the easy market entry in Internet service providers industry, internet use has been growing at a rapid pace and caused fierce competition. The number of internet subscribers has been increasing constantly as internet is now everywhere in people's daily life (Gary, M. & Grant, C. 2002). Internet Service Providers mainly range between several large operators in Australia, and hence demand and supply of internet are continual experiencing to grow up rapidly. As long as customers have more preferences, buyers have a great power on ISPs' profit. Therefore, customers' retention is playing a vital role in the survival of ISPs. They are forced to increase services, decrease prices, and add more values and accessories to their products to keep consumers' loyalty. Moreover, high-performance services and products are required as well.

Household income has a great impact on the demand of the internet. This justifies the fact that ISPs are currently offering flat-rate pricing to pursue consumers (Biggs, P. & Kelly, T. 2006). Price strategy may be a helpful and successful model for ISPs in the short-term. However for long-term, they are required to fully and in detail understand the demand of various factors in the market and consumers that would help them to attract further market shares (Yogesh, K. al. etc., 2009). Furthermore, an evaluation of consumers' future behavior and an in-depth analysis of current subscribers' choices are required because the internet is a highly competitive market for ISPs (Grigoroudis et. al. 2007).

REFERENCES

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), 1998 - Telecommunication Services, Catalogue No. 8148, Canberra, AGPS.

, Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC).

Madden, G., Savage, and Coble-Neal, G. (1999) - Subscribers churn in Australian Internet Market. Information, Economics and Policy 1999, 11, pp 195-207.

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), 2008 - Internet Activity, Catalogue No. 8153, Australia, June 2008.

, Bharat Book Bureau.

.au, Get connected - industry trends, assessed on 20/03/09

Budde, P. (2005). Australian telecoms moving into 2006

.au Paul O'Sullivan Optus Chief Executive CommsDay Breakfast 21 October 2008, Securing Major Competitive Investment: How to repeat the success of the early Nineties.

Dwivedi, , Lal, B., and Williams. M. D., (2009), Managing consumer adoption of broadband: examining drivers and barriers, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 109, No. 3, pp 357-369.

Browne, M (2008) ISPs demand intervention on Telstra ADSL2+block, viewed 19 March,

http://.au/news/communi-

cations/soa/ISPs-demand-intervention-on-Telstra-ADSL2-block/0,130061791,339286264,?feed=pt_adsl

DBCDE (Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy) (2008) Feasibility Study ISP Level Content Filtering, viewed 22 March,

__data/assets/pdf

_file/0006/95307/Main_Report_-_

DBCDE (Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy) (2008) National Broadband Network, viewed 21 March,

_for_business/funding_programs__and__support/national_broadband_network

Howell, B (2002) Broadband Uptake and Infrastructure Regulation: Evidence from the OECD Countries, viewed 22 March,

-

band_

Optus (2008) Optus Chief Executive ABN AMRO Communications Conference, viewed 21 March, http://.au/dafiles/OCA

/AboutOptus/MediaCentre/Speeches/%20Paul%20O%27Sullivan%20ABN%20AMRO%20speech%

Porter, (1980) Techniques for Analy-

sing Industries and Competitors Competitive Strategy Free Press: New Work.

Finneran. M (2003). ADSL2: Faster, farther and better. Business Communications Review, 33(5), 20-23. Retrieved March 22, 2009

Australia's great broadband challenge (2008, May). Asialaw Retrieved March 21, 2009

Minder, R (2006) Telstra sale doubles to nearly Dollars 12bn TELECOMS Financial Times,p. 27. Retrieved March 28, 2009

Morris, L( 2007) Broadband investment dispute brewing in Australia. Telecommunications, p41(7), 11. Retrieved March 28,2009

Gary, M. and Grant, C. (2002), Internet Economics and Policy, An Australian Perspective. Economic Record, Vol. 78, pp. 343-357

Biggs, P., and Kelly, T., (2006), Broadband pricing strategies, Info, Vol. 8, No. 6, pp 3-14

Grigoroudis, E., Kyriazopoulos, P., Siskos, Y., Spyridakos, A., and Yannacopoulos, D., (2007), Tracking changes of e-customer preferences using multicriteria analysis, Managing Service Quality, Vol. 17, No. 5, pp 538-562

APPENDICES

Appendix 1 - Porter's Five Forces (Investopedia, 2009)

Appendix 2

Use of PCs and the Internet by households (DBCDE, 2008);Use of PCs and the Internet by all businesses ((DBCDE, 2008);Use of broadband technology by home Internet users (DBCDE, 2008);http://_benchmarking/online_statistics

The Australian Internet Market (Market

Clarity, 2007)

http://.au/news

/

Appendix 3

Profile of ISP industry by customer base (DBCDE, 2008)

__data/assets

/pdf_file

/0006/95307/Main_Report_-_

Appendix 4

Internet Activity Summary, Australia, ISPs with more than 10,000 active subscribers (ABS, 2008)

Internet subscribers by access technology, for ISPs with more than 10,000 active subscribers (ABS, 2008)

Appendix 5

Broadband users as percentage of State population

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分析汇报2

一、坚持搞好理论学习,努力提高政治素质。

把以学习实践“三个代表”重要思想为主要内容的学习贯穿整个活动的始终,是这次保持共产党员先进性教育的基本要求。自己作为公路站站长,更是坚持在局党组的统一领导下,以积极认真的态度坚持学习,使自己的认识水平和理论素养有了进一步的提高,思想境界得以进一步升华。

二、认真开展谈心交心活动。

自己先后与站班子成员、部分党员、群众面对面地展开了谈心活动。在谈心时,自己敞开心扉,态度诚恳,做到了既谈心又交心,使与自己谈心的同志也能做到与自己有同样的心态。通过谈心交心,自己征求到了许多平常听不到的善意的批评意见和希望要求,使自己的灵魂得到了净化,思想得到了升华,与同志之间的感情,不仅没有因为提出批评和不足而不愉快,反而因为各自的坦诚相待和善意帮助而增进了了解,使关系更加融洽。

三、认真撰写党性分析材料,带头搞好自我剖析。

根据征求到的意见、建议,对照党员先进性的具体要求和岗位要求,针对自己近几年来各方面的具体表现,结合各自实际写出了符合组织要求和自身实际的党性分析材料。重点检查了在理想信念、宗旨观念、组织纪律、思想作风、工作作风和廉洁自律等方面存在的突出问题和在发挥作用方面的主要差距,对照党员领导干部的基本条件,对照“两个务必”和“八个坚持”、“八个反对”的要求,从权力观、地位观和利益观方面剖析了产生这些问题的思想根源,制定了整改措施和今后努力的方向。

四、以积极的态度参加党员专题组织生活会。

在支部召开的党员专题组织生活上,自己围绕保持党员先进性具体要求和岗位要求,针对存在的问题,严肃认真地作了批评与自我批评,向与会党员、群众深刻检讨了近几年来自身存在的理想信念、宗旨观念、纪律作风等方面的突出问题。在开展好自我批评的同时,实事求是地对参 会的每一位党员,提出了批评意见和希望要求。

分析报告的3

近年来,会计界一直在倡导企业财务人员要由“账房先生”向“业务伙伴”“价值创造者”角色转变,实现业财融合。要到达这个目标,真正体现财务人员价值的地路径就是把会计信息翻译成管理信息,为企业管理决策者提供有价值的财务分析报告。

一、当前企业财务分析报告存在的问题

1.目的单一。目前的财务分析和管理报告,主要目的是为企业内部绩效考核评价所用,对于如何支持企业经营决策较少。

2.分析主题、维度单一。大部分单位的财务分析由于核算精细度的问题,数据维度较为单一,基本是围绕组织维度(如部门、子公司)进行核算和分析,缺乏对项目、产品、客户等多维度的分析。

3.业务溯源能力弱。财务数据和业务数据没有整合,分析大部分是财务数据的罗列,“就财务说财务”,缺乏对业务动因的理解和挖掘,与业务贴合度差,因此分析报告缺乏对重大风险、重点问题的提示内容,缺少从财务视角给出管理改进建议。

4.分析方法较为基础。大部分企业的财务分析只作了实际完成与预算的比较和同环比分析,缺少如敏感度分析、情景分析、长期趋势分析、对标分析等较为灵活、前瞻性强的分析方式来说明内部管理问题的实质原因,导致管理层对财务分析的价值认识不够。

5.分析报告可读性差。分析数据罗列多而全,非财务背景的阅读者较难理解。整个报告结构重点不突出,较少使用图形、仪表盘等,可读性低。

二、财务分析报告体系应包含的内容

财务分析报告是为管理决策服务的,应该从多角度、多方位去分析企业的经营状况和存在问题,用不同的情景去分析企业所作决策的财务指标。财务分析报告是一个体系,至少应涵盖以下内容:

1.基于企业历史数据和管理会计资料的财务分析。这类分析是在总结前期企业经营取得的业绩和亮点的基础上,查找薄弱环节,为企业内部考核和解决管理短板提供决策依据。主要包括:

预算分析报告。主要是结合年初制定的财务预算,按照各业务单元或预算主体承接的预算指标,分析预算完成情况,与序时进度的差异,查找预算没有完成和超预算的原因,要求预算主体制定措施,确保预算指标的完成,如是年初预算编制条件或外部环境发生重大变化,提出预算调整建议方案。

财务业绩分析报告。主要是分析企业效益的来源和影响企业效益的关键因素。包括:

(1)收入增长分析。主要分析收入的结构,为企业制订合理的经营策略提供依据。应从几个维度来分析:分产品,分析各类收入占总收入的比重及增减情况,对当期利润的影响;分区域,分析不同区域收入的增减情况和原因,是区域政策因素还是自然环境变化,或是当地消费者需求发生变化,不同区域收入的变化对企业效益的影响;分部门(业务单元),分析不同业务单元收入增减对企业效益的影响;还要分析内生性收入增长趋势,分析企业现有资源的利用效率和潜力。

(2)盈利能力分析。主要为企业产品结构调整和成本控制提供决策依据。

一是不同产品的盈利能力分析,分析现有产品(业务)的毛利水平和占有资源情况,运用情景假设法分析在现有资源下,哪种产品组合结构可以实现企业利润最大化;

二是产品全成本结构分析,主要分析企业成本的构成和产品全价值链的成本,查找企业可降的成本和降成本的重点,并通过价值链分析查找不增值作业,为管理层优化成本结构和作业流程提供决策支持;

三是成本对标分析,将企业成本和竞争对手对比,为企业制订竞争策略、弥补短板、消除劣势提供依据,还要将企业自制零件成本与外部购买成本对比,为业务是否外包提供依据;

四是成本要素动因分析,分析影响各成本要素产生和高低的主要事项,能否优化或取消以降低企业成本。如不同产品质量标准下的外赔费用分析对比。

五是可控费用分析,通过对每项可控费用的增减趋势分析,查找最佳控制方法。

2.基于企业未来管理与决策的财务分析。主要是通过建立财务分析模型,测算各种情景下的模拟财务数据,为企业决策提供依据。主要包括:

为制定企业战略服务的财务分析。企业战略目标的主要指标是利润或企业的价值。财务要根据企业的战略规划,结合各业务的发展目标及所占用资源的多少,测算不同业务组合下的财务指标,以及乐观、悲观和最可能实现情况下的财务指标,和不同发展模式(自我滚动发展还是靠兼并重组发展)下的财务指标,为企业制定战略路径和措施提供依据。

基于新产品(业务)决策的财务分析。通过组织相关业务部门对新产品的价格、市场容量、企业投入的资源、产品成本等进行分析,一是为企业是否投产该产品提供测算依据;二是为产品设计成本优化提供依据,即在新产品在投入生产前优化产品设计成本,为企业扩大盈利空间;三是为生产制造产品提供成本控制标准。

企业投资决策的财务分析。固定资产投资决策分析在财务管理的课本中讲的比较详细,不做赘述。企业并购重组的财务分析是投资决策的关键,除了对被并购方的估值、风险进行分析外,还应该对本企业的财务承担能力及并购后对本企业的财务影响进行分析,防止因并购导致集团母体出现财务危机。

企业筹融资方式的财务分析。分析各种融资方式的财务成本是财务人员的强项,但是企业筹融资方式的分析除了融资成本外,还应该分析如何将企业的资源和筹融资方式结合起来,实现企业效益最大化。如,将企业的哪部分业务通过上市或利用已有的资本平台,从资本市场上融资,需要满足什么条件,应该怎么做;在什么时间应该发行债券,发行规模应该控制在多少,才能满足长期资金使用。

3.基于企业经营风险的分析与评估。风险管理越来越被企业管理人员重视,经营风险的发生将会导致财务风险的出现,甚至使企业破产。企业经营风险的分析与评估应是财务分析报告体系的重要组成部分。风险分析报告应包括:从现金流风险出发分析新业务、发展较快的业务的业务流程,评估业务风险;从资产的流动性出发,分析资产的变现能力和可收回性,评估现有占用资产的风险,如对逾期应收帐款按逾期原因分析(质量问题、客户资金困难还是有意讨债等),为企业制订收款政策和措施提供支持,还可以通过对公司的欠款大户的财务状况分析,采取应对措施;分析债务规模与企业收入规模的匹配度,和债务结构与企业资产结构的匹配度,评估企业的财务风险。

4.专项分析报告。主要针对企业经营中的某个专题或某项业务开展的分析。包括质量成本分析,股权投资效果分析,固定资产投资效果分析,税务筹划报告等。

三、如何写出高质量的财务分析报告

首先是明确需求,提高认知。通过与管理层、业务部门的沟通的交流,明确报告使用者的需求,尤其要加强对领导需求的理解。第二,提高会计核算的精细度,按照管理会计要求设立明细科目或辅助帐,保证财务数据全面、准确、可用。第三,提高财务分析对业务的溯源能力。要加强与业务人员的沟通,取得业务部门对财务报告的认同和支持。要整合业务数据和财务数据,通过对财务数据追溯到业务数据,发现和挖掘财务数据背后的业务动因,避免“就财务数据说财务”的情况。第四,要丰富分析方法。根据数据逻辑,研究较好的分析方法,以保证数据内在联系能清晰呈现。要加强综合、动态分析方法的灵活运用,使财务数据的事后描述逐渐向前端预测转移。第五,要提升“讲故事”的能力。报告要突出重点,图文并茂,灵活运用图标、仪表盘等表现形式,增强报告的可读性。第六,能够提出操作性强的管理建议。要针对发现的问题,加强与业务部门沟通,从财务的视角提出管理建议,并定期对问题的改进进行追踪反馈,形成闭环,逐步提升管理水平。

分析报告4

本报告中所采集的数据均为统计期间(1个季度/年度内)的有效求职人数和需求人数。

一、供求总体情况

表1 供求总体人数

上期结转 本期新增 合 计 需求人数 求职人数 求人倍率

注:上期结转:上期登记但仍在有效期内的供求数据

本期新增:本季度新登记的供求数据

合计=上期结转+本期新增

求人倍率=需求人数/求职人数

二、各产业劳动力需求情况

表2 按产业分组的需求人数

产 业 需求人数 所占比重 第一产业 第二产业 第三产业 合 计

三、行业需求情况

表3 按行业分组的需求人数

行 业 需求人数 所占比重 农、林、牧、渔业 采掘业 制造业 电力、煤气及水的生产和供应业 建筑业 地质勘查业、水利管理业 交通运输、仓储及邮电通信业 批发和零售贸易、餐饮业 金融业、保险业 房地产业 社会服务业 卫生、体育和社会福利业 教育、文化艺术和广播电影电视业 科学研究和综合技术服务业 国家机关、政党机关和社会团体 其他行业 合 计

注:“农、林、牧、渔业”数等于表2“第一产业”数。

“采掘业”、“制造业”、“电力、煤气及水的生产和供应业”、“建筑业”合计受数等于表2中“第二产业”数。

其他各栏除“其他行业”外合计等于表2中“第三产业”数。

为保持表2和表3间数据平衡,“其他行业”如出现数据,各按照表中各栏(除其他行业外)的实际需求人数所占权数分配到各栏,按上述对等原则再汇总计算产业合计数。

·英文报告格式 ·会议报告格式 ·读书报告格式 ·工作报告的格式

四、用人单位需求情况

表4 按用人单位性质分组的需求人数

单位性质 需求人数 所占比重 企业 其中:(按企业登记注册类型分) 国有企业 集体企业 私营企业 联营企业 股份有限公司 外商投资企业 港、澳、台投资企业 其他企业 事业 机关 其他 合 计

五、各类职业供求情况

表5 按职业分组的供求人数

职业类别 劳 动 力 供 求 人 数 比 较 需求人数 所占比重 求职人数 所占比重 求人倍率 单位负责人 专业技术人员 办事人员和

有关人员

商业和

服务业人员

农林牧渔

水利生产人员

生产运输

设备操作工

其 他 无 要 求 合 计

注:关于出现“无要求”时求人倍率的计算,表中求职“无要求”一栏如出现数据,可按照表中前七栏的实际需求人数分配到各栏(小数点四舍五入),再以需求人数/[求职人数(实际)+加权计入数],得出求人倍率。但表中不需体现加权分配后的人数,仍只填写实际求职数。

表6 需求大于求职缺口最大的前十个职业(职业小类)

职业 职业代码 劳 动 力 供 求 人 数 比 较 需求人数 求职人数 缺口数 求人倍率

表7 需求小于求职缺口最大的前十个职业(职业小类)

职 业 职业代码 劳 动 力 供 求 人 数 比 较 需求人数 求职人数 缺口数 求人倍率

六、求职人员构成情况

表8 按求职人员类别分组的求职人数

求职人员类别 求职人数 所占比重 新成长失业青年 就业转失业人员 其他失业人员 在业人员 下岗职工 离退休人员 在学人员 其他人员 合 计

注:新成长失业青年是指城镇登记失业人员中,从未就业,目前正以某种方式寻找工作的人员,包括初高中、职业高中、技校及大中专毕业生中未能升学、参军、被国家统一分配或单位录用以及其他初次失业的人员;就业转失业人员是指在登记的失业人员中,从就业状态转为失业状态的人员。

失业人员=新成长失业青年+就业转失业人员+其他失业人员

七、招聘、应聘条件情况

1.性质

表9 按性别分组的供求人数

性别 劳 动 力 供 求 人 数 比 较 需求人数 所占比重 求职人数 所占比重 求人倍率 男 女 无要求 - - - - - - - - - 合 计

注:关于出现“无要求”时求人倍率的计算,表中需求“无要求”一栏如出现数据,按照表中男、女的实际求职人数比例所占权数分配到各栏(小数点四舍五入),再以{需求人数(实际)+加权计入数}/求职人数,得出求人倍率。但表中不需体现加权分配后的男女需求人数,仍只填写实际需求人数。以下“年龄”、“文化程度”、“技术等级”中需求“无要求”栏处理方法同此表。

2.年龄

表10 按年龄分组的供求人数

年龄 劳 动 力 供 求 人 数 比 较 需求人数 所占比重 求职人数 所占比重 求人倍率 16-24岁 25-34岁 35-44岁 45岁以上 无要求 合 计

注:16-24岁组人数指的是满16岁而未满25岁的人数,例如1975年1月1日出生的人口,在2000年1月1日前均应计入16-24岁组。

出现跨年度分组的需求时,手工统计可按照采取平分到所跨越的分组中,余数按照“就低不就高”逐一加到分组中,也可采用“性别”中“无要求”的处理办法。按照需求所跨年龄组各组实际求职人数比例分别加权后(小数点四舍五入),再以“[需求人数(实际)+加权计入数]/求职人数”,得出求人倍率。但表中不需体现加权分配后的需求人数,仍只填写实际人数。

3.文化程度

表11 按文化程度分组的供求人数

文化程度 劳 动 力 供 求 人 数 比 较 需求人数 所占比重 求职人数 求职人数 求人倍率 初中及以下

普 高 职业高中 技 校 中 专 小 计 大 专 大 学 硕士以上 无要求 合 计

注:高中含普高、职业高中、技校和中专。

4.技术等级或职称

表12 按技术等级分组的供求人数

技术等级 劳 动 力 供 求 人 数 比 较 需求人数 所占比重 求职人数 所占比重 求人倍率 职业资格五级

(初级技能)

职业资格四级

(中级技能)

职业资格三级

(高级技能)

职业资格二级

(技 师)

职业资格一级

(高级技师)

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