医学论文参考文献格式(5篇)

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学位论文类参考文献范例1

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[2]Marcel Merle. Sociologie des Relations Internationales[M].4th ed. Paris: Dalloz,1988.

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[4]EWICK D W, BECKMAN T M,HOLY J A, et al. Ignition of HMX Using Low Energy Laser Diodes[C]// Flanklin Research Center. Proceedings of the 14th Symposium on Explosives and Protechnics, Philadephia, Febrary 1-17,1990:245-248.

[5]CHRISTIN E M. Plant Physiology: Plant Biology in the Genome Era[J/OL]. Science(S0036-8075),1998,281:331-332[1998-09-23]. colletion/anatmorp.

[6]Online Computer Library Center, Inc. History of OCLC[EB/OL].[2000-01-08].

[7]atrick Vyncke. Lifestyle Segmentation. European Journal of Communication Copyright2002. SAGE Publications.

[8]Anderson, C. (2000). Survey: The young: Youth, Inc. The Economist, 357(8202), S9-S10.

[9]White, N. (2002) MarketsfromNetworks: Socioeconomic Models of Production. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

[10]Peter, and Olson (1994) Understanding Consumer Behavior. Burr Ridge, IL: Irwin.

[11]Patrick Vyncke. Lifestyle Segmentation-From Attitudes, Interests and Opinions, to Values, Aesthetic Styles, Life Visions and Media Preferences. European Journal of Communication Copyright2002. SAGE Publications

[12]Chaney, D. (1996) Lifestyles. London: Routledge.

[13]Cosmas, (1982) ‘Life Styles and Consumption Patterns’, Journal of ConsumerResearch 8: 453C5.

[14]Kahle, and L. Chiagouris (eds) (1997) Values, Lifestyles, and Psychographics. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

[15]Kevin Lane Keller. Strategic Brand Management [M]. Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice-Hall, 1998.

[16]Aspers, P. (2001) Markets in Fashion: A Phenomenological Approach. Stockholm: City University Press.

[17]Kevin Goldman, Adidas Tries To Fill Its Rivals Big Shoes [J]. Wall Street Journal, 1994-03-17.

[18]Wolburg, and J. Pokrywczynski (2001) . A Psychographic Analysis of Generation Y College Students, Journal of Advertising Research 41(5):33C50.

[19]Joanne Entwistle. The Aesthetic Economy-The production of value in the field of fashion modeling. Copyright2002SAGE Publications, (London, Thousand Oaks, CA and New Delhi) Vol 2(3): 317C339.

[20]Ball, R. and Brown, , “An Empirical Evaluation of Accounting Income Numbers”, journal of Accounting Research,Autumn, pp. 159-178.

[21]Watts , Zimmerman J., 1978, “Towards a Positive Theory of the Determination of Accounting Standards”, The Accounting Review, pp. 112-134.

[22]Hopwood A. G., “Towards an Organizational Perspective for the Study of Accounting and Information Systems”, Accounting, Organizations and Society (No. 1, 1978) pp. 3-14.

[23]Beaver, W. H., 1968, “The Information Content of Annual Earnings Announcements”, journal of Accounting Research, pp. 67-92.

[24]Holthausen , Leftwich , 1983, “The Economic Consequences of Accounting Choice: Implications of Costly Contracting and Monitoring”, journal of Accounting & Economics, August, pp77-117.

[25]atell , 1976, “Corporate Forecasts of Earnings Per Share and Stock Price Behavior: Empirical Tests. Journal of Accounting Research, Autumn, 246-276.

[26]Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)[J]. Trends in Organized Crime . 1997 (4).

[27]Crongvist, Henrik,and Matias Costs of Controlling Minority Shareholders. SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance . 2001.

[28]Forker governance and disclosure quality. Accounting and Business . 1992.

[29]Dechow ,Sloan ,Sweeney and consequences of earnings manipulation: an analysis of firms subject to enforcement actions by the SEC. Contemporary Accounting Research . 1996.

[30]Healy,P. effect of bonus schemes on accounting decision. Journal of Accountancy . 1985.

[31]Holthausen Robert,David Larcker,Richard Bonus Schemes and the Manipulation of Earnings. Journal of Accountancy . 1995.

[32]Defond Mark L,James Covenant Violation and Manipulation of Accruals. Journal of Accountancy . 1994 [7] Shyam of Accounting and

[33]William R Accounting

[34]Bae,Kee-Hong,Jun-KooKang, or value addition? Evidence from mergers by Korean business groups. The Journal of Finance . 2002.

[35]Watts RL,Zimmerman a positive theory ofthe determination of accounting standards. The Accounting Review . 1978

[36]dams, M. and Hardwick, P. An Analysis of Corporate Donations: UnitedKingdom Evidence [J], Journal of Management Studies, 1998,35 (5): 641-654.

[37]ronoff,C.,and J Ward. Family-owned Businesses: A Thing of the Past or Model of the Future. [J]. Family Business Review, 1995,8(2); 121-130.

[38]eckhard,R“Dyer Jr., Managing continuity in the family owned business [J]. Organizational Dynamics, 1983,12 (1): 5-12.

[39]sson, M. The economics of family firms [J]. Scandinavian Economic History Review, 1999' 47(1):10 - 23.

[40]lchian,A.,Demsetz, H. Production, information costs, and economic organization. American Economic Review [J]. 1972,62(5): 777-795.

[41]llen, F,J, Qian and M, J. Qian. Law,Finance and Economic Growth in China [J], Journal of Financial Economics, 2005,77:

[42]mato,L. H.,& Amato,C. H. The effects of firm size and industry on corporate giving [J]. Journal of Business Ethics,2007,72(3): 229-241.

[43]hrisman, , Chua,, and Steier, L. P. An introduction to theories of family business [J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2003b, 18(4): 441-448

[44]osé Félix Sanz-Sanz. The Laffer curve in schedular multi-rate income taxes with non-genuine allowances: An application to Spain[J]. Economic Modelling,2016.

[45]raig Brett,John A. Weymark. Voting over selfishly optimal nonlinear income tax schedules[J]. Games and Economic Behavior,2015.

[46]ónica Unda Gutiérrez. A Tale of Two Taxes: the Diverging Fates of the Federal Property and Income Tax Decrees in post-Revolutionary Mexico[J]. Investigaciones de Historia Económica - Economic History Research,2016.

[47]im Choon Ling,Abdullah Osman,Safizal Muhammad,Sin Kit Yeng,Lim Yi Jin. Goods and Services Tax (GST) Compliance among Malaysian Consumers: The Influence of Price, Government Subsidies and Income Inequality[J]. Procedia Economics and Finance,2016,35.

[48]artin Lopez-Daneri. NIT Picking: The Macroeconomic Effects of a Negative Income Tax[J]. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,2016.

[49]ad Miller,Lindsay Miller,Jeffrey Tolin. Provision for income tax expense ASC 740: A teaching note[J]. Journal of Accounting Education,2016,35.

[50]etr David,Lucie Formanová. Electoral Cycle and Tax Policy – Determination of Income Tax Variables: Case of the Czech Republic[J]. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,2016,220.

[51]ndrew Keinsley. Indexing the Income Tax Code, Monetary/Fiscal Interaction, and the Great Moderation[J]. European Economic Review,2016.

[52]eter A. Muennig,Babak Mohit,Jinjing Wu,Zohn Rosen,Haomiao Jia. Cost Effectiveness of the Earned Income Tax Credit as a Health Policy Investment[J]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine,2016.

[53]Orkhan Nadirov,Khatai Aliyev. Motivation to Work, Labor Income Taxes and Life Satisfaction: Hungary, Estonia, Continental Europe and the United States[J]. Procedia Economics and Finance,2016,39.

[54]Matteo Morini,Simone Pellegrino. Personal income tax reforms: A genetic algorithm approach[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2016.

[55]S. Nakhimovsky,A. Feigl,C. Avila,M. Spranca,G. O'Sullivan,E. Macgreggor-Skinner. The effectiveness of using taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages to reduce obesity in middle income countries: a systematic review[J]. Annals of Global Health,2016,823.

[56]Ingrid G. Ellen,Keren M. Horn,Katherine M. O'Regan. Poverty Concentration and the Low Income Housing Tax Credit: Effects of Siting and Tenant Composition[J]. Journal of Housing Economics,2016.

[57]Huaxiong Huang,Moshe A. Milevsky. Longevity risk and retirement income tax efficiency: A location spending rate puzzle[J]. Insurance Mathematics and Economics,2016.

[58]Janet Hoek,Katie Smith. A qualitative analysis of low income smokers' responses to tobacco excise tax increases[J]. International Journal of Drug Policy,2016.

[59]Christian Frey,Christoph A. Schaltegger. Progressive taxes and top income shares: A historical perspective on pre- and post-tax income concentration in Switzerland[J]. Economics Letters,2016.

[60]Craig Brett,John A. Weymark. Voting over selfishly optimal nonlinear income tax schedules with a minimum-utility constraint[J]. Journal of Mathematical Economics,2016.

[61]Fernando Rolli,Alessandro Giorgetti,Paolo Citti,Massimo Rinaldi. Improvement of the Compilation Process of the Italian Income Certifications: An Application on the Tax Model of the Year 2016 (Part 2)[J]. Procedia CIRP,2016,53.

[62]Jason Huang,Juan Rios. Optimal tax mix with income tax non-compliance[J]. Journal of Public Economics,2016.

[63]Koji Yokote,André Casajus. Weak differential monotonicity, flat tax, and basic income[J]. Economics Letters,2016.

[64]Kevin Huang,Qinglai Meng,Jianpo Xue. Balanced-budget income taxes and aggregate stability in a small open economy[J]. Journal of International Economics,2016.

[65]Andrejovská Alena,Mihóková Lucia,Martinková Slavomíra. Meta-analysis categorization of EU countries in the context of corporate income tax[J]. Contaduría y Administración,2017.

[66]Rong Fu. Does Indirect Tax Increase the Income Gap between Urban and Rural Areas? -Based on the Analysis of Thayer Index[J]. Open Journal of Social Sciences,2016,0401.

[67]Yinying Wang. Research on the Structure of China's Enterprise Income Tax Law System[J]. Beijing Law Review,2011,0202.

[68]Kazunobu Muro. Country-Specific Dynamic Optimal Capital Income Tax Rate[J]. Theoretical Economics Letters,2012,0203.

[69]Chunyan Pan. Perspective of Problems and Countermeasures by the Analysis of the Collection Data on the Personal Income Tax Collection and Administration of High Income Groups[J]. Open Journal of Social Sciences,2015,0310.

[70]Simon Suwanzy Dzreke. Measuring the Effects of Corporate Tax on Corporate Income: The Role of Corporate Income Tax Incentives at Regimanuel Gray (Ghana) Ltd.[J]. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management,2016,0601.

[71]Delong Zhang. Research on Personal Income Tax Affecting Structure of Resident Consumption Expenditure in China[J]. Modern Economy,2017,0802.

[72]Horn-Chern Lin,Tao Zeng. The distributional impact of income tax in Canada and China: 1997-2005[J]. Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies,2010,32.

[73]Tao Zeng. Income tax liability for large corporations in China: 1998-2007[J]. Asian Review of Accounting,2010,183.

[74]Don Bruce,Jon C. Rork,Gary Wagner. State income tax reciprocity agreements and small businesses[J]. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy,2014,31.

[75]Azhar Mohamad,Neazlin Radzuan,Zarinah Hamid. Tax arrears amongst individual income taxpayers in Malaysia[J]. Journal of Financial Crime,2017,241.

[76]Hamad Rita,Rehkopf David H. Poverty and Child Development: A Longitudinal Study of the Impact of the Earned Income Tax Credit.[J]. American journal of epidemiology,2016,1839.

[77]. Infectious Disease, Population Size/Density, and Tax Income of Prefectures[J]. The Japanese Medical Journal,2015,685.

[78]Cassandra Chaney. Can the Earned Income Tax Credit Increase the Number of Unmarried Black Parent Families?[J]. Marriage & Family Review,2012,482.

[79]Chi-Hung Lin,I-Chun Lin,Ching-Huei Wu,Ya-Ching Yang,Jinsheng Roan. The application of decision tree and artificial neural network to income tax audit: the examples of profit-seeking enterprise income tax and individual income tax in Taiwan[J]. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers,2012,354.

[80]John Creedy,Angela Mellish. Changes in the tax mix from income taxation to GST: Revenue and redistribution[J]. New Zealand Economic Papers,2011,453.

[81]Volkan Muslu. The Timing of Income Recognition in Tax Law and the Time Value of Money[J]. European Accounting Review,2011,203.

[82]MaximilianD. Schmeiser. Expanding New York State's Earned Income Tax Credit Programme: the effect on work, income and poverty[J]. Applied Economics,2012,4416.

[83]NorbertJ. Michel. Another look at the spending response to the 2001 income tax rebates[J]. Applied Economics,2011,4323.

返回参考文献范例>>>

参考文献的类型及格式2

一、参考文献的类型

参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识,具体如下:

M——专著 C——论文集 N——报纸文章 J——期刊文章

D——学位论文 R——报告 S——标准 P——专利

A——文章

对于不属于上述的文献类型,采用字母“Z”标识。

常用的电子文献及载体类型标识:

[DB/OL]——联机网上数据(database online)

[DB/MT]——磁带数据库(database on magnetic tape)

[M/CD]——光盘图书(monograph on CD?ROM)

[CP/DK]——磁盘软件(computer program on disk)

[J/OL]——网上期刊(serial online)

[EB/OL]——网上电子公告(electronic bulletin board online)

对于英文参考文献,还应注意以下两点:

①作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则,具体格式是: 姓,名字的首字母。 如: Malcolm Richard Cowley 应为:Cowley, 如果有两位作者,第一位作者方式不变,&之后第二位作者名字的`首字母放在前面,姓放在后面,如:Frank Norris 与Irving Gordon应为:Norris, F. & ;

②书名、报刊名使用斜体字,如:Mastering English Literature,English Weekly.

二、参考文献的格式及举例

1、期刊类

格式[序号]作者。篇名[J]。刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号):起止页码。

举例

[1]周融,任志国,杨尚雷,厉星星。对新形势下毕业设计管理工作的思考与实践[J]。电气电子教学学报,2003(6):107—109。

[2]夏鲁惠。高等学校毕业设计(论文)教学情况调研报告[J]。高等理科教育,2004(1):46—52。

[3]Heider, & The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999,(3): 62 – 67。

2、专著类

格式[序号]作者。书名[M]。出版地:出版社,出版年份:起止页码。

举例

[4]刘国钧,王连成。图书馆史研究[M]。北京:高等教育出版社,1979:15—18,31。

[5]Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]。 London: Macmillan, 1985: 42—45。

3、报纸类

格式[序号]作者。篇名[N]。报纸名,出版日期(版次)。

举例

[6]李大伦。经济全球化的重要性[N]。 光明日报,1998—12—27(3)。

[7]French, W。 Between Silences: A Voice from China[N]。 Atlantic Weekly, 1987—8—15(33)。

4、论文集

格式[序号]作者。篇名[C]。出版地:出版者,出版年份:起始页码。

举例

[8]伍蠡甫。西方文论选[C]。上海:上海译文出版社,1979:12—17。

[9]Spivak,G. “Can the Subaltern Speak?”[A]. In & L. Grossberg(eds.). Victory in Limbo: Imigism [C]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988,

[10]Almarza, Student foreign language teacher’s knowledge growth [A]. In and (eds.). Teacher Learning in Language Teaching [C]. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1996.

5、学位论文

格式[序号]作者。篇名[D]。出版地:保存者,出版年份:起始页码。

举例

[11]张筑生。微分半动力系统的不变集[D]。北京:北京大学数学系数学研究所,1983:1—7。

6、研究报告

格式[序号]作者。篇名[R]。出版地:出版者,出版年份:起始页码。

举例

[12]冯西桥。核反应堆压力管道与压力容器的LBB分析[R]。北京:清华大学核能技术设计研究院,1997:9—10。

7、专利

格式[序号]专利所有者。题名[P]。国别:专利号,发布日期。

举例

[13]万锦。中国大学学报论文文摘(1983–1993)。英文版[DB/CD]。北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1996。

8、标准

格式[序号]标准编号,标准名称[S]。

举例

[14]GB/T 16159—1996, 汉语拼音正词法基本规则 [S]。

9、条例

格式[序号]颁布单位。条例名称。发布日期

举例

[15]中华人民共和国科学技术委员会。科学技术期刊管理办法[Z]。1991—06—05

10、电子文献

格式[序号]主要责任者。电子文献题名。电子文献出处[电子文献及载体类型标识]。或可获得地址,发表或更新日期/引用日期。

举例

[16]王明亮。关于中国学术期刊标准化数据库系统工程的进展[EB/OL]。http://cajcd。edu/pub/wml。txt/980810–2。html,1998–08–16/1998–10–04。

11、各种未定义类型的文献

格式[序号]主要责任者。文献题名[Z]。出版地:出版者,出版年。

三、注释

注释是对论文正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明。注释应置于本页页脚,前面用圈码①、②、③等标识。

教育论文参考文献3

[1] 王 枬 王彦教育叙事:在实践中体悟生命[J],《教育研究》(北京)

[2] 王 彦 王 枬,教育叙事 从文学世界到教育世界[J] 《全球教育展望》2005第4期

[3] 张晓乐 框架理论视野下的道德叙事[J],《全球教育展望》2005第4期

[4] 黎加厚 信息时代的教育叙事与教师主体意识的觉醒[J],《中国电化教育》2004 年第1期

[5] 丁钢 教育与日常实践[J],《教育研究》(北京),2004 年第2期

[7] 丁钢 教育叙事:接近日常教育 真相'[N],《中国教育报》(北京),2004 年2月19 日

[8] 丁钢 日常教育实践的意义[C] 《中国教育:研究与评论》教育科学出版社第5辑,北京,2004

[9] 田静 曹芳 与项目一同成长:一位村中心完小校长的个案 [C], 《中国教育:研究与评论》教育科学出版社第5辑,北京,2004

[11] 丁钢 教育经验的理论方式[J],《教育研究》(北京),2003年第2期

[12] 刘云杉 帝国权冲实践下的教师生命形态:一个私塾教师的生活史研究[C], 《中国教育:研究与评论》2002教育科学出版社第3辑

[13] 黄向阳 学校春秋:一位小学教师的笔记[C] 《中国教育:研究与评论》教育科学出版社第2辑,北京,2002年

[14] 丁钢 教育叙述何以可能?[C], 《中国教育:研究与评论》2002教育科学出版社第3辑

[15] 耿涓涓 教育理念:一位初中女教师的叙事探究[C] 《中国教育:研究与评论》教育科学出版社第2辑,北京,2002年

[16] 许美德 现代中国精神:知名教育家的生活故事 [C], 《中国教育:研究与评论》2002教育科学出版社第1辑

[17] 石中英 知识转型与教育改革[M], 教育科学出版社,2003

[18] 鞠玉翠 走进教师的生活世界 教师个人实践理论的叙事探究 [D],华东师范大学 2003

[19] 肖正德 山村小学青年教师需要的叙事研究[D], 浙江师范大学 2003

[20] 余丽 反思性学习在教师专业发展中作用的研究 [D], 华南师范大学 2003

[21] 周勇 论德育教育的叙事方式[J], 《思想、理论、教育》,2004年1

[22] 刘慧 生命叙事的道德教育价值[J],《思想、理论、教育》,2004年1

[23]康永久,施铁如,刘良华等整理 教育叙事:来自广州的视角[J], 《教育导刊》2003年12月

[24]李明汉,教师校本科研与教育叙事研究[J],《中国教育学刊》2003年12月12期

[25]韦桂美,教育叙事研究:教育科研回归生活的方式[J],《教书育人》

关于参考文献的著录格式4

(1)著录格式:参考文献的序号左顶格,并用数字加方括号表示,如[1],[2],…,每一参考文献条目的最后不用加结束符。在参考文献中的标点符号都采用“半角标点符号+空格”形式。

(2)排列顺序:根据正文中首次引用出现的先后次序递增,或者按第一作者姓的英文字母或拼音字母的英文字母顺序递增,与正文中的指示序号一致。

(3)作者姓名:只有3位及以内作者的,其姓名全部列上,中外作者一律姓前名后,外国人的名可用第一个字母的大写代替,如:William E.(名) Johns(姓)在参考文献中应写为Johns ;有3位以上作者的,只列前3位,其后加“,等”或“,et al”。

(4)参考文献类型及标识:根据GB3469规定,对各类参考文献应在题名后用方括号加单字母方式加以标识。

以纸张为载体的传统文献类型及标识,见表1。

表1 传统文献的类型标识

参考文献类型期刊文章(Journal)专著(Monograph)论文集(Conferennce Prceeding)(单篇论文)学位论文(Dissertation)专利

(Patent)

类型标识JMCADP

参考文献类型标准

(Standard)报纸文章(Newspaper)报告

(Report)资料汇编(General)其它文献

类型标识SNRGZ

非纸张型载体的电子文献类型及标识:对于数据库(Database)、计算机程序(Computer Program)、光盘图书(Monograph on CD-ROM)、电子公告(Electronic Bulletin Board)等非纸张型载体的电子文献类型的标识,见表2。

表2 电子文献的类型标识

参考文献类型数据库计算机程序图书电子公告

类型标识DBCPMEB

以纸张为载体的传统文献在引作为参考文献时不必著明其载体类型,而非纸张型载体的电子文献当被引用为参考文献时需在参考文献类型标识中同时表明其载体类型,见表3。这样,非纸张型载体类型的参考文献类型标识格式为:[电子文献类型标识/载体类型标识],如:

[DB/OL] 联机网上数据库(Database online)

[DB/MT] 磁带数据库(Database on magnetic tape)

[M/C D] 光盘图书(Monograph on CD-ROM)

[CP/DK] 磁盘软件(Computer Program on disk)

[J/OL] 网上期刊磁盘软件(serial online)

[EB/OL] 网上电子公告(Electronic Bulletin Board online)

表3 非纸张型载体的类型标识

非纸张型载体磁带磁盘光盘联机网络

载体类型标识MTDKCDOL

(5)著录格式其它说明:原本就缺少某一项时,可将该项连同与其对应的标点符号一起略去;页码不可省略,起止页码间用“-”相隔,不同的引用范围间用“,”相隔。

(6)各类引用参考文献条目的编排格式及举例,见表4。

表4 参考文献条目的编排格式

序号文献类型格式及示例

1学术期刊

(共著录

8项) ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧

[序号]作者。 文献题名[J] . 刊名, 出版年份, 卷号(期号): 起止-页码

[1]毛峡, 丁玉宽。 图像的情感特征分析及其和谐感评价[J] .电子学报, 2001, 29(12A) : 1923-1927

[2]Ozgokmen T. M., Johns W. E., Peters H., et al. Turbulent Mixing in the Red Sea Outflow Plume from a High-Resoluting Nonhydrostatic Model[J]. Jounal of Physical Oceangraphy, 2003,V33(8):1846-1869

2学术著作

(至少

著录7项)① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧

[序号]作者。书名[M] .版次(首次免注).翻译者。出版地: 出版社, 出版年: 起止-页码

[3] 刘国钧, 王连成。图书馆史研究[M] .北京:高等教育出版社, 1979: 15-50

3有ISBN号的论文集

(共著录

9项)① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨

[序号]作者。题名[ ].主编。论文集名[C].出版地:出版社, 出版年:起止-页码

[4] 毛峡。绘画的音乐表现[A] .中国人工智能学会2001年全国学术年会论文集[C] .

北京:北京邮电大学出版社, 2001: 739-740

[5] Mao Xia, et al. Analysis of Affective Characteristics and Evaluation of Harmonious Feeling of Image Based on 1/f Fluctuation Theory[A] .International Conference on Industrial & Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence & Expert Systems (IEA/AIE ) [C] . Australia Springer Publishing House,2002:17-19

4学位论文

(共著录

6项)① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥

[序号]作者。题名[D] .保存地:保存单位, 年份

[6] 张和生。地质力学系统理论[D] .太原:太原理工大学, 1998

5专利文献(共著录

6项)① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥

[序号]专利所有者。专利题名[P] .专利国别:专利号, 发布日期

[7]姜锡洲。一种温热外敷药制备方案[P] .中国专利: 881056078, 1983-08-12

6技术标准(共著录

6项)① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥

[序号]标准代号, 标准名称[S] .出版地:出版者, 出版年

[9] GB/T 16159—1996, 汉语拼音正词法基本规则[S] .北京:中国标准出版社, 1996

7报纸文章

(共著录

6项)① ② ③ ④ ⑤

[序号]作者。题名[N] .报纸名, 出版日期(版次)

[10] 毛 峡。情感工学解除‘舒服’之迷[N] .光明日报, 2000-4-17(B1)

8报告

(共著录

6项)① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥

[序号]作者。文献题名[R] .报告地:报告会主办单位, 年份

[7] 冯西桥。核反应堆压力容器的LBB分析[R] .北京: 清华大学核能技术设计研究院, 1997

9电子文献(共著录

6项)① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥

[序号]作者。电子文献题名[文献类型/载体类型] .文献网址或出处, 发表或更新日期/引用日期(任选)

[21]王明亮。中国学术期刊标准化数据库系统工程的[EB/OL]

参考文献的类型及格式5

我们可以具体的学习一下参考文献格式

[序号] 期刊作者.题名[J].刊名.出版年,卷(期): 起止页码。

[序号] 专著作者.书名[M].版次(第一版可略).出版地:出版社,出版年∶起止页码。

[序号] 论文集作者.题名〔C〕.编者.论文集名.出版地∶出版社,出版年∶起止页码。

[序号] 学位论文作者.题名〔D〕.保存地点:保存单位,年份。

[序号] 专利所有者。专利文献题名〔P〕.国别:专利号.发布日期。

[序号] 标准编号,标准名称〔S〕.出版地:出版者,出版年。

[序号] 报纸作者.题名〔N〕.报纸名,出版日期(版次).

[序号] 报告作者.题名〔R〕.报告地:报告会主办单位,年份。

[序号] 电子文献作者.题名〔电子文献及载体类型标识〕.文献出处,日期。

相信这些大家都很清楚怎么用,参考文献的书写也是不可忽略的一部分。其中有几个小点也许一直被同学所忽略,小编这里要提醒一下大家。第一,文献中的英文名字不可进行缩写,一定要写正确的人名称呼。第二中文和英文参考文献书写并不相同。中文的作者一般是“姓+名”;而英文参考文献是采用“姓,名。”的方式。第三,如果引用的中文文献作者有多个,一般是采用前三位作者署名,第三位作者后面添加等字;英文文献则采用,“姓,名,and名姓”的方式进行书写,除第一位以外,都按照正常顺序写。第四,特别需要注意的是注意无意间的空格,尤其是在书写英文的参考文献当中。第五,参考文献要按照论文引用文献顺序依次书写,这样论文的整体比较严谨,也不会混乱。

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